فهرست:
فصل اول: بررسی منابع
1-1- تاریخچه، تولید و مصرف گیاه ذرت...................................................................................................................4
1-2- سطح زیر کشت ذرت در ایران و استان همدان....................................................................................................4
1-3- رده بندی و ریخت شناسی..................................................................................................................................5
1-4- مراحل رشد گیاه ذرت ............................................................................ ....................... .................................6
1-5- آب و گیاه ذرت............................................................................. ..................................................................7
1-5-1- پتانسیل آب در گیاه...................... ..........................................................................................................8
1-5-2- پتانسیل آب در خاک............................................... .............................................................................8
1-5-3- ذرت در شرایط تنش خشکی...................................................................................................................9
1-6- نیتروژن و گیاه ذرت.........................................................................................................................................13
1-7.- اهداف ........................................................... ................................ ..............................................................23
فصل دوم: مواد و روش‌ها
2-1- موقعیت محل اجرا ی طرح................................................................................................................................24
2-2- طرح آزمایشی...................................................................................... ............................................................24
2-3- آمادهسازی زمین و کوددهی.............................................................................................................................25
2-4- کاشت و مراقبتهای زراعی..............................................................................................................................25
2-5- آبیاری و تعیین نیاز آبی.....................................................................................................................................25
2-6- نمونه برداری در طول فصل رشد.................................................................................................. ....................26
2-7- اندازهگیری عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ..............................................................................................................26
2-8- محاسبات..........................................................................................................................................................27
2-8-1- درجه روزهای رشد................................................................................................................................27
2-8-2- آنالیزهای رشد...................................... ........................................ .......................................................27
2-8-3- کارایی مصرف آب و شاخص برداشت...... ...........................................................................................29
2-8-4- سرعت و دوره پرشدن دانه ......................................................... ..........................................................29
2-8-5- دریافت و کارایی مصرف نور..................................... ............ .............................................................30
2-8-6- اعداد کلروفیل متر (اسپاد) و جذب نور.......................................... .......................................................30
فصل سوم: نتایج و بحث
3-1- مراحل فنولوژیکی ..................................................... ....................................................................................32
3-2- شاخصهای رشد.............................................................................................................................................35
3-2-1- روند شاخص سطح برگ......................................................................................................................35
3-2-2- بیشینه شاخص سطح برگ.....................................................................................................................35
3-2-3- دوام سطح برگ کل.............................................................................................................................39
3-2-4- دوام سطح برگ بعد از کاکلدهی.........................................................................................................39
3-2-5- روند تغییرات سرعت رشد محصول.......................................................................................................40
3-2-6- سرعت خطی رشد محصول...................................................................................................................41
3-2-7- سرعت رشد گیاه در گلدهی..................................................................................................................43
3-2-8- سرعت رشد گیاه در گلدهی به ازای دانه...............................................................................................44
3-2-9- سرعت رشد گیاه در زمان پر شدن دانه به ازای دانه................................................................................47
3-2-10- سرعت جذب خالص..........................................................................................................................50
3-2-11- روند تجمع ماده خشک......................................................................................................................52
3-2-12- عملکرد بیولوژیک.............................................................................................................................54
3-2-13- عملکرد دانه...................................................................................................................................... 56
3-2-14- شاخص برداشت.................................................................................................................................59
3-3- سایر صفات مرفولوژیکی.................................................................................................................................60
3-3-1- ارتفاع بلال از سطح زمین......................................................................................................................60
3-3-2- قطر ساقه...............................................................................................................................................62
3-3-3- ارتفاع گیاه...........................................................................................................................................63
3-4- همبستگی صفات و شاخصهای رشد با عملکرد دانه........................................................................................64
3-5- صفات مرفولوژیکی بلال.................................................................................................................................66
3-5-1- طول بلال..............................................................................................................................................66
3-5-2- قطر بلال...............................................................................................................................................68
3-6- اجزاء عملکرد دانه .........................................................................................................................................69
3-6-1- تعداد ردیف دانه در بلال......................................................................................................................69
3-6-2- تعداد دانه در ردیف بلال......................................................................................................................69
3-6-3- تعداد دانه در بلال ................................................................................................................................71
3-6-4- وزن دانه...............................................................................................................................................73
3-7- روند پر شدن دانه ...........................................................................................................................................75
3-7-1- سرعت پرشدن دانه ..............................................................................................................................75
3-7-2- دوره موثر پرشدن دانه .........................................................................................................................76
3-8- قرائت عدد اسپاد.............................................................................................................................................78
3-8-1- قرائت عدد اسپاد پس از تنش کم آبی در مرحله رویشی......................................................................78
3-8-2- قرائت عدد اسپاد پس از تنش کم آبی در مرحله زایشی.......................................................................79
3-9- صفات و شاخصهای مرتبط با نور..................................................................................................................81
3-9-1- دریافت نور .......................................................................................................................................81
3-9-2- دریافت تششع فعال فتوسنتزی در محدوده گلدهی................................................................................83
3-9-3- جذب نور...........................................................................................................................................84
3-9-4-کارایی مصرف نور..............................................................................................................................86
3-10- کارایی مصرف آب.....................................................................................................................................88
3-11- همبستگی صفات با عملکرد دانه..................................................................................................................90
3-12- نتیجهگیری نهایی....................................................................................................................................................................94
3-13- پیشنهادات...................................................................................................................................................95
منابع........................................................................................................................................................................
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