پایان نامه تجزیه پروتئوم ریشه گندم تحت تنش کلرید سدیم

فهرست:

مقدمه. 1

فصل اول: بررسی منابع

1-1- اهمیت گیاه‌شناسی و سطح زیرکشت گندم. 3

1-1-1- تکامل و ژنتیک گندم. 3

1-2- تنش شوری. 4

1-2-1- درک تنش شوری. 6

1-2-2- واکنش‌های عمومی گیاهان نسبت به تنش شوری. 8

1-2-2-1-  تاثیر شوری بر رشد گیاه 9

1-2-2-2- تاثیر شوری بر رشد ریشه گیاه 10

1-2-2-3- اثر تنش شوری بر مواد آلی محصول و اسیدهای آمینه گیاه 11

1-2-2-4- اثر شوری بر تشکیل رادیکال‌های آزاد در گیاه 15

1-2-3- نشانگرهای پروتئینی و پروتئومیک.. 15

1-2-4- پروتئومیک و تنش.. 27

1-2-5- پروتئومیک و تنش شوری. 28

فصل دوم: مواد و روش‌ها

2-1- مواد و روش انجام آزمایش.. 35

2-1-1- مشخصات محل اجرای آزمایش.. 35

2-1-2- مواد گیاهی مورد استفاده 35

2-1-3- روش انجام آزمایش.. 36

2-1-4- برداشت ریشه ها 37

2-2- صفات مورد اندازه‌گیری. 38

2-3- تجزیه‌های آماری. 40

2-4- آزمایشات الکتروفورز دو بعدی. 40

2-4-1- تهیه ژل بعد اول (IEF) 41

2-4-2- استخراج پروتئین. 42

2-4-3- حل کردن پروتئین. 43

2-4-4- تهیه ژل بعد دوم (SDS-PAGE) 45

2-4-5- رنگ‌آمیزی. 48

2-4-6- تصویر برداری و تجزیه کمی لکه‌های پروتئینی. 51

فصل سوم: نتایج و بحث

3-1- تجزیه واریانس صفات. 53

3-2- اثر کلرید سدیم بر خصوصیات ریشه. 53

3-3- اثر کلرید سدیم بر میزان پرولین. 57

3-4- تجزیه و تحلیل پروتئوم بافت ریشه. 58

3-5- نقش پروتئین‌های شناسایی شده 68

3-5-1- متابولیسم انرژی. 69

3-5-2- مهار ROS و سم زدایی. 73

3-5-3- ترجمه پروتئین، پردازش و تخریب.. 76

3-5-4- پروتئین‌های مرتبط با دیواره سلولی. 78

3-5-5- پروتئین‌های مرتبط با متابولیسم اسیدهای آمینه  و هورمون‌ها 80

3-5-6- شبکه انتقال سیگنال درگیر در پاسخ به تنش کلرید سدیم. 83

3-5-7- اسکلت سلولی. 84

3-5-8- پروتئین‌های مرتبط با رونویسی. 85

3-5-9- پروتئین‌های مرتبط با همبستگی سطح mRNA و پروتئین­های مربوطه. 86

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