فهرست:
چکیده فارسی.....................................................................................................................................................................
فصل اول: کلیات
1-1- مقدمه........................................................................................................................................................................
2-1- ماهی قزل آلای رنگین کمان...................................................................................................................................
1-2-1- نیازمندی های محیطی.........................................................................................................................................
2-2- 1- فیزیولوژی دستگاه گوارش و آنزیمهای گوارشی ..............................................................................................
3-1- تغذیه و نیازهای تغذیه ای ماهیان ............................................................................................................................
1-3-1- پروتئین ..............................................................................................................................................................
1-1-3-1- استفاده از منابع پروتئینی گیاهی .....................................................................................................................
2-1-3-1- مشکلات پروتئین های گیاهی برای ماهیان گوشتخوار...................................................................................
3-1-3-1- فاکتورهای ضد تغذیه ای ...............................................................................................................................
2-3-1- لیپیدها .................................................................................................................................................................
1-2-3-1- اسیدهای چرب ................. .............................................................................................................................
2-2-3-1- سنتز داخلی و تبدیل زیستی اسیدهای چرب ..................................................................................................
3-2-3-1- اسیدهای چرب ضروری آبزیان ......................................................................................................................
4-2-3-1- نقش اسیدهای چرب غیر اشباع بلند زنجیره در تغذیه آبزیان..........................................................................
5-2-3-1- نشانه های کمبود اسیدهای چرب ...................................................................................................................
6-2-3-1- میزان چربی و اسید چرب مورد نیاز آبزیان پرورشی .....................................................................................
7-2-3-1- قابلیت هضم پذیری چربیها ...........................................................................................................................
8-2-3-1- منابع چربی جیره آبزیان .................................................................................................................................
1-8-2-3-1- روغن ماهی................................................................................................................................................
2-8-2-3-1- روغن های گیاهی و ترکیب اسیدهای چرب .............................................................................................
1-2-8-2-3-1- آفتابگردان (Heliaanthus annus L.Var marcocarpus DC) ...............................................
2-2-8-2-3-1- سویا (Glycine max (L.) Merr.)...................................................................................................
3-2-8-2-3-1- شلغم روغنی (B. juncea) و کانولا ( Brassica napus L. و B. rapa L.)..............................
4-2-8-2-3-1- گلرنگ معمولی (Carthamus tinctorius) .....................................................................................
5-2-8-2-3-1- بذر کتان (Linum usitatissimum)..................................................................................................
3-3-1- نیازهای معدنی و ویتامینی قزل الای رنگین کمان ...............................................................................................
4-1- مرور منابع.................................................................................................................................................................
فصل دوم: مواد و روشها
1-2- مرحله تهیّه اجزای غذایی و ساخت جیره های آزمایشی .........................................................................................
2-2- تهیه و ذخیره سازی ماهیان .....................................................................................................................................
3-2- زیست سنجی ماهیان (بیومتری) ...............................................................................................................................
5-2- آنالیز شیمیایی نمونه های غذایی و بافت عضله ماهیان ............................................................................................
1-5-2- تعیین میزان پروتئین .............................................................................................................................................
2-5-2- تعیین میزان چربی کل ......... ...............................................................................................................................
2-5-2- تعیین میزان رطوبت .............................................................................................................................................
3-5-2- تعیین میزان خاکستر ...........................................................................................................................................
4-5-2- تعیین میزان کربوهیدرات ..................................................................................................................................
5-5-2- تعیین ترکیب و میزان اسیدهای چرب .................................................................................................................
6-2- محاسبه هضم پذیری ظاهری ...................................................................................................................................
1-6-2- تهیه غذا و نمونه مدفوع ماهیان ...........................................................................................................................
7-2- سنجش فعالیت های آنزیمی ...................................................................................................................................
1-7-2- تهیه عصاره آنزیمی ..............................................................................................................................................
2-7-2- سنجش غلظت پروتئین محلول ...........................................................................................................................
3-7-2- سنجش فعالیت آنزیم آلفا- آمیلاز .......................................................................................................................
4-7-2- سنجش فعالیت آنزیم لیپاز ...................................................................................................................................
8-2- بررسیهای ایمنی شناسی .........................................................................................................................................
1-8-2- خون گیری و تهیه سرم .......................................................................................................................................
2-8-2- فعالیت راه میانبر سیستم کمپلمان ........................................................................................................................
3-8-2- فعالیت لیزوزیم ....................................................................................................................................................
4-8-2- اندازه گیری میزان توتال ایمونوگلوبولین .............................................................................................................
9-2- بررسی فاکتورهای خونی ........................................................................................................................................
1-9-2- شمارش تعداد گلبول های سفید در میکرولیتر خون ...........................................................................................
2-9-2- اندازه گیری درصد هماتوکریت خون ..................................................................................................................
3-9-2- اندازه گیری غلظت هموگلوبین خون ..................................................................................................................
10-2- استرس آنوکسی ....................................................................................................................................................
1-10-2- اندازه گیری میزان گلوکز .................................................................................................................................
2-10-2- روش اندازه گیری کورتیزول ............................................................................................................................
11-2- ارزیابی تجربی طعم و بوی ماهیان .........................................................................................................................
12-2- فورمول ها و روابط محاسباتی ....................................................................................................................
12-2- تجزیه و تحلیل آماری ..........................................................................................................................................
فصل سوم: نتایج
1-3- نتایج مربوط به آنالیز ترکیب شیمیایی جیره های آزمایشی .......................................................................................
2-3- نتایج حاصل از شاخص های رشدی ماهیان ............................................................................................................
3-3- نتایج مربوط به ترکیب شیمیایی بافت عضله ماهیان..................................................................................................
4-3- نتایج مربوط به کارایی تغذیه ای ماهیان....................................................................................................................
5-3- نتایج مربوط به ترکیب اسیدهای چرب بافت عضله ماهیان......................................................................................
6-3- نتایج مربوط به فعالیّت آنزیمهای گوارشی ماهیان قزل آلای رنگین کمان ................................................................
7-3- نتایج مربوط به فعالیّت سیستم ایمنی همورال ماهیان ...............................................................................................
8-3- نتایج مربوط به فاکتورهای خونی ماهیان .................................................................................................................
9-3- نتایج بازماندگی ماهیان در برابر استرس کمبود اکسیژن ...........................................................................................
1-9-3- نتایج تغییرات گلوکز و کوتیزول سرم خون ماهیان در برابر استرس کمبود اکسیژن ............................................
10-3- نتایج ارزیابی تجربی طعم و بوی ماهیان ................................................................................................................
فصل چهارم: بحث
1-4- نتیجه گیری ..............................................................................................................................................................
2-4- پیشنهادات ...............................................................................................................................................................
فصل پنجم: منابع
فصل ششم: ضمیمه
1-6- نمودارها .................................................................................................................................................................
1-1-6- نمودار مربوط به نتایج بیومتری (وزن و طول) ماهیان قزل آلای رنگین کمان در انتهای دوره پرورش ...............
2-1-6- نمودار مربوط به درصد هضم پذیری پروتئین و چربی ماهیان قزل آلای رنگین کمان در انتهای دوره پرورش ..
3-1-6- نمودار مربوط به ضریب ارزش تولیدی پروتئین و چربی ماهیان قزل آلای رنگین کمان در انتهای دوره پرورش
4-1-6- نمودار مربوط به نتایج فعالیّت آنزیمهای گوارشی ماهیان قزل آلای رنگین کمان در روز30...............................
5-1-6- نمودار مربوط به نتایج مربوط به فعالیّت آنزیمهای گوارشی ماهیان قزل آلای رنگین کمان در روز60.................
6-1-6- نمودار مربوط به فعالیّت سیستم ایمنی همورال ماهیان قزل آلای رنگین کمان در انتهای دوره پرورشی ...........
7-1-6- نمودار مربوط درصد بازماندگی، میزان گلوکز و کورتیزول ماهیان پس از 2 ساعت شرایط کمبود اکسیژن .......
2-6- تصاویر .....................................................................................................................................................................
1-2-6- تصویر تانکهای پرورشی ....................................................................................................................................
2-2-6- تصویر خونگیری ماهیان از ورید ساقه دمی ........................................................................................................
3-2-6- تصویر مربوط به محیط استرس ماهیان در شرایط کمبود اکسیژن .......................................................................
چکیده انگلیسی ..................................................................................................................................................................
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