فهرست:
فصل اول
1- مقدمه و کلیات.........................................................................................................................................................................................................1
1-1- اهمیت گیاهان دارویی.......................................................................................................................................................................................1
2-1- پراکنش، تارخچه.و کاربردهای مرسوم گونه های مریم گلی کبیر ..........................................................................................................2
3-1- خصوصیات گیاهشناسی مریم گلی کبیر........................................................................................................................................................3
4-1- نیازهای اکولوژیکی مریم گلی کبیر.................................................................................................................................................................3
5-1- خواص درمانی مریم گلی کبیر.........................................................................................................................................................................4
6-1- ترکیبات شیمیایی ..............................................................................................................................................................................................4
7-1- کشت بافت............................................................................................................................................................................................................5
8-1- اهمیت وکاربردهای کشت بافت در باغبانی...................................................................................................................................................6
9-1- اهمیت وکاربردهای کشت بافت در گیاهان دارویی.....................................................................................................................................7
10-1- هدف ار انجام تحقیق.......................................................................................................................................................................................8
فصل دوم
2- بررسی منابع علمی..................................................................................................................................................................................................9
1-2- ریزازدیادی درون شیشه ای..............................................................................................................................................................................9
2-2- اثرات نوع محیط کشت بر باززایی...................................................................................................................................................................9
3-2- اثرات نوع ریزنمونه بر باززایی.........................................................................................................................................................................12
4-2- ریشه زایی..........................................................................................................................................................................................................14
فصل سوم
3- مواد و روش ها.......................................................................................................................................................................................................15
1-3- مکان و زمان انجام تحقیق.............................................................................................................................................................................15
2-3- آماده سازی محیط کشت...............................................................................................................................................................................15
1-2-3- محلول های ذخیره مواد معدنی محیط کشت MS.............................................................................................................................16
2-2-3- محلول های ذخیره مواد تنظیم کننده رشدی.....................................................................................................................................17
3-2-3- محلول ذخیره کیتوسان.............................................................................................................................................................................17
4-2-3- سایر مواد.......................................................................................................................................................................................................17
3-3- ضدعفونی بذر....................................................................................................................................................................................................17
4-3- کاشت بذر و شرایط نگهداری .......................................................................................................................................................................18
5-3- تهیه ریزنمونه....................................................................................................................................................................................................18
6-3- آزمایش1: تعیین اثر محیط کشت در جوانهزنی بذور گیاه مریمگلیکبیر ..........................................................................................19
7-3- آزمایش2: بررسی اثر نوع ریزنمونه و محیط کشت بر القاء جوانه و باززایی شاخساره مریمگلیکبیر.............................................19
8-3-آزمایش3: بررسی اثر نوع و ترکیبات هورمونی بر القاء جوانه و باززایی شاخساره مریمگلیکبیر......................................................20
9- 3- کاشت ریزنمونه................................................................................................................................................................................................21
10-3- آزمایش 4: بررسی اثر غلظت نمک در محیط کشت پایه MS و تیمار هورمونی بر ریشهرایی شاخسارههای باززاشده مریمگلیکبیر .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................21
11-3- صفات مورد ارزیابی ......................................................................................................................................................................................22
12-3- طرح آزمایشی و تجزیه آماری داده ها ....................................................................................................................................................23
فصل چهارم
4- نتایج.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................24
1-4- آزمایش 1: جوانه زنی .....................................................................................................................................................................................24
1-1-4- اثر زمانهای مختلف ضدعفونی بر درصد و سرعت جوانهزنی ..........................................................................................................24
2-1-4- اثر محیطهای مختلف کشت بر درصد و سرعت جوانهزنی ...............................................................................................................25
3-1-4- اثر غلظتهای مختلف کیتوسان بر درصد و سرعت جوانهزنی .........................................................................................................26
4-1-4- اثر سطوح مختلف pH بر درصد و سرعت جوانهزنی ..........................................................................................................................27
2-4- القاء جوانه و باززایی مستقیم ........................................................................................................................................................................28
3-4- آزمایش 2: بررسی اثر نوع ریزنمونه و محیط کشت بر القاء جوانه و باززایی شاخساره مریمگلیکبیر ..........................................29
1-3-4- تأثیر نوع ریزنمونه و محیط کشت بر القاء جوانه.................................................................................................................................30
1-1-3-4- تأثیر نوع ریزنمونه بر القاء جوانه در محیط حاوی BAP .............................................................................................................30
2-1-3-4- تأثیر نوع ریزنمونه بر القاء جوانه در محیط حاوی Kin ...............................................................................................................31
3-1-3-4- تأثیر نوع ریزنمونه بر القاء جوانه در محیط حاوی TDZ..............................................................................................................33
2-3-4- تأثیر نوع ریزنمونه و محیط کشت بر باززایی شاخه.............................................................................................................................34
1-2-3-4- تأثیر نوع ریزنمونه بر باززایی شاخه در محیط حاوی BAP .......................................................................................................34
2-2-3-4- تأثیر نوع ریزنمونه بر باززایی شاخه در محیط حاوی Kin ..........................................................................................................36
3-2-3-4- تأثیر نوع ریزنمونه بر باززایی شاخه در محیط حاوی TDZ .......................................................................................................38
4-4- آزمایش 3: بررسی اثر نوع و ترکیبات هورمونی بر القاء جوانه و باززایی شاخساره مریمگلیکبیر ................................................39
1-4-4- اثر ترکیبات و غلظتهای مختلف تنظیمکنندههای رشد بر القاء جوانه از ریزنمونه گره مریمگلیکبیر...................................40
2-4-4- اثر ترکیبات و غلظتهای مختلف تنظیمکنندههای رشد بر القاء جوانه از ریزنمونه نوک شاخه مریمگلیکبیر.....................44
3-4-4- اثر ترکیبات و غلظتهای مختلف تنظیمکنندههای رشد بر باززایی شاخه از ریزنمونه گره مریمگلیکبیر ............................48
4-4-4- اثر ترکیبات و غلظتهای مختلف تنظیمکنندههای رشد بر باززایی شاخه از ریزنمونه نوک شاخه مریمگلیکبیر................52
5-4- آزمایش 4: بررسی اثر غلظت نمک در محیط کشت پایه MS و تیمار هورمونی بر ریشهزایی شاخسارههای باززاشده مریمگلیکبیر ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................56
6-4- سازگاری.............................................................................................................................................................................................................59
فصل پنجم
5- بحث..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................60
1-5- جوانه زنی...........................................................................................................................................................................................................60
2-5- اثرات نوع ریزنمونه در باززایی........................................................................................................................................................................61
3-5- اثرات نوع و غلظت تنظیمکنندههای رشد گیاهی بر باززایی...................................................................................................................64
4-5- اثرات ترکیبات مختلف تنظیمکنندههای رشد گیاهی بر ریشهزایی......................................................................................................66
5-5- نتیجه گیری کلی ............................................................................................................................................................................................68
6-5- پیشنهادات ........................................................................................................................................................................................................69
منابع...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................70
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