پایان نامه بررسی امکان وجود مقاومت القایی در گندم نسبت به شته سبز گندم

فهرست:

فصل اول : مقدمه و مروری برتحقیقات گذشته

مقدمه..................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

1-1-1- جایگاه شته­ی سبز گندم در رده بندی حشرات............................................................................................... 5

1-1-2- شکل شناسی شته­ی سبز گندم........................................................................................................................ 5

1-1-3- زیست­شناسی شته­ی سبز گندم ...................................................................................................................... 6

1-1-4- مناطق انتشار و دامنه­ی میزبانی شته­ی سبز گندم ................................................................................................ 7

1-2- تعاریف:......................................................................................................................................................................... 8

1-2-1- مقاومت .................................................................................................................................................................... 8

1-2-2- مقاومت القایی....................................................................................................................................................... 9

1-2-3- میانگین نرخ نسبی رشد................................................................................................................................... 12

1-2-4- بررسی­های انجام شده روی مقاومت القایی و شاخص میانگین نرخ نسبی رشد..................................... 13

پارامترهای رشد جمعیت.................................................................................................................................................. 24

فصل دوم : مواد و روشها

2-1- شناسایی گونه­های مختلف شته و تعیین گونه­ی غالب.................................................................................... 26

2-2- انجام آزمایش­ها.......................................................................................................................................................... 26

2-2-1- محل و شرایط آزمایشات.................................................................................................................................. 26

2-2-2- پرورش گیاهان میزبان........................................................................................................................................... 27

2-2-3- تشکیل کلنی شته­ی سبز گندم............................................................................................................................. 27

2-2-4- بررسی مکانیسم مقاومت القایی............................................................................................................................. 28

2-2-5- تهیه جدول زندگی................................................................................................................................................ 30

2-2-6- آزمایش روی ارقام گندم برای محاسبه شاخص میانگین نرخ نسبی رشد.............................................. 32

تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها...................................................................................................................................................... 34

فصل سوم : نتایج و بحث

3-1- پارامترهای رشد جمعیت شته­ی سبز گندم...................................................................................................... 35

3-2- میانگین طول دوره­ی نشو و نما و میزان بقای پوره­ها....................................................................................... 42

3-3- طول عمر حشرات بالغ شته­ی سبزگندم........................................................................................................... 45

3-4- قدرت باروری شته­ی سبز گندم.......................................................................................................................... 46

3-5- نرخ بقاء و باروری روزانه............................................................................................................................................. 47

3-6- میانگین نرخ نسبی رشد............................................................................................................................................. 50

نتیجه­گیری کلی................................................................................................................................................................... 52

پیشنهادها.......................................................................................................................................................................... 53

منابع..................................................................................................................................................................................... 54

پیوست و ضمائم.................................................................................................................................................................... 67

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