فهرست:
چکیده........................................................................................................................................................................
فصل اول مقدمه و کلیات..........................................................................................................................................
1-1-مقدمه.....................................................................................................................................................................
1-2-نگاهی گذرا به استفاده از گیاهان دارویی در ایران و جهان.....................................................................................
1-2-1-سیر تحولی گیاهان دارویی.................................................................................................................
1-2-2-گیاهان دارویی در طب سنتی.....................................................................................................................
1-2-3-استفاده از داروهای گیاهی در ایران و جهان. ....................................................................................
1-2-4-وضعیت تجارت جهانی گیاهان دارویی و متابولیت های آنها در ایران.............................................................
1-2-5-وضعیت تجارت جهانی گیاهان دارویی و متابولیتهای آنها در جهان................................................................
1-3-گیاهشناسی آویشن.......................................................................................................................................
1-3-1-برگ ها:...........................................................................................................................................
1-3-2-گل آذین :..........................................................................................................................
1-3-3-براکته ها:.........................................................................................................................................................
1-3-4-کاسه گل:...............................................................................................................................................
1-3-5-جام گل:........................................................................................................................................................
1-3-6-دانه گرده:...........................................................................................................................................
1-3-7-مادگی:.............................................................................................................................................................
1-3-8-اعداد کروموزومی:.............................................................................................................................
1-4-پراکندگی جغرافیایی: ایران (گیاه انحصاری) ....................................................................................
1-4-1-رویشگاه ها و پراکندگی جغرافیایی در ایران: .....................................................................................
1-5-طبقه بندی آویشن..................................................................................................................................
1-6-نیازهای اکولوژیکی........................................................................................................................................
1-6-1-درجه حرارت......................................................................................................................................
1-6-2-نور.........................................................................................................................................................
1-6-3-مواد و عناصر غذایی مورد نیاز.................................................................................................
1-7-عملیات زراعی.........................................................................................................................................
1-7-1-تناوب کاشت.................................................................................................................................................
1-7-2-آماده سازی خاک..........................................................................................................................
1-7-3-تاریخ و فواصل کاشت.............................................................................................................................
1-7-4-روش کاشت............................................................................................................................................
1-7-5-عملیات داشت........................................................................................................................................
1-7-6-برداشت محصول....................................................................................................................................
1-7-7-جمع آوری بذر..........................................................................................................................................
1-8-آویشن و کاربرد آن .............................................................................................................................
1-9-خواص دارویی آویشن.....................................................................................................................
1-10-مصرف روزانه آویشن..............................................................................................................................
1-11-کاربرد کودهای بیولوژیک................................................................................................................
1-11-1-تعریف کودهای زیستی....................................................................................................................
1-11-2-تاریخچه میکوریزا.......................................................................................................................
1-11-3-انواع میکوریزا.........................................................................................................................
1-11-4-قارچ های اکتومیکوریزا......................................................................................................................
1-11-5-قارچ های اندومیکوریزا........................................................................................................................
1-11-6-مراحل تشکیل سیستم میکوریزایی.....................................................................................................
فصل دوم مروری بر تحقیقات انجام شده............................................................................................................
2-1-فواید همزیستی میکوریزایی.......................................................................................................
2-1-1-میکوریزا و افزایش جذب عناصر غذایی.............................................................................................
2-1-1-1-راه های تأمین فسفر خاک..........................................................................................................
2-1-2-میکوریزا و بهبود جذب آب...................................................................................................
2-1-3-میکوریزا و اختصاص مواد فتوسنتزی..........................................................................................
2-1-4- میکوریزا و تنش های محیطی..............................................................................................
2-1-4-1-میکوریزا و تنش غرقابی..................................................................................................
2-1-4-2-میکوریزا و تنش شوری..............................................................................................................
2-1-4-3-میکوریزا و تنش خشکی.....................................................................................................
2-1-5-میکوریزا و فلزات سنگین......................................................................................................................
2-1-6-میکوریزا و عناصر غذایی......................................................................................................................
2-1-7-سازگاری و واکنش رشد...................................................................................................
2-1-8-میکوریزا و ساختمان خاک............................................................................................................
2-1-9-فعالیت یون هیدروژن و تأثیر آن بر میکوریزا.....................................................................................
2-1-10-میکوریزا و عوامل زیستی..............................................................................................
2-1-11-تأثیر شیوه های کشاورزی بر قارچ میکوریزا.........................................................................................
2-2-نقش میکوریزا و عکس العمل گیاه..............................................................................................................
فصل سوم مواد و روشها........................................................................................................................................
3-1-زمان و موقعیت اجرای طرح.........................................................................................................................
3-2-طرح آزمایشی...........................................................................................................................................
3-3-مشخصات اقلیمی محل اجرای طرح..............................................................................................................
3-4-مشخصات خاک...................................................................................................................................................
3-5-عملیات آماده سازی بستر کشت.......................................................................................................................
3-6-مشخصات رقم کشت شده.................................................................................................................................
3-7-شیمی گیاه..............................................................................................................................................................
3-8-عملیات کاشت.......................................................................................................................................................
3-9-عملیات داشت.....................................................................................................................................
3-10-اندازه گیری مشخصات مرفولوژیکی.......................................................................................................
3-11-اندازه گیری صفات کیفی................................................................................................................................
3-11-1-سنجش قندهای محلول..........................................................................................................................
3-11-2-اندازه گیری مقدار کلروفیل و کارتنوئیدها............................................................................................
3-11-3-سنجش پروتئین.......................................................................................................................................
3-11-4-اندازه گیری آنتوسیانین...............................................................................................................................
3-11-5-اندازه گیری فلاوونوئید...........................................................................................................................
3-11-6-اندازه گیری طول ریشه و اندام هوایی، وزن خشک ریشه و اندام هوایی......................................................
3-11-7-عملکرد.............................................................................................................................................................
3-11-8-اندازه گیری عناصر ماکروالمنت و میکروالمنت.......................................................................................
3-11-9-تعیین مقدار ترکیبات فنلی تام..................................................................................................................
3-11-10-اندازه گیری سطح برگ..........................................................................................................
3-12-محاسبات آماری............................................................................................................................................
فصل چهارم نتایج و بحث.........................................................................................................................................
4-1-صفات کمی.......................................................................................................................................................
4-1-1-وزن تر و خشک اندام هوایی..................................................................................................................
4-1-2-وزن تر و خشک ریشه.......................................................................................................................
4-1-3-شاخص سطح برگ..............................................................................................................................
4-1-4-طول ریشه...........................................................................................................................................
4-1-5-سطح ریشه..........................................................................................................................................
4-2-صفات کیفی.........................................................................................................................................................
4-2-1-پروتئین....................................................................................................................................................
4-2-2-قند..............................................................................................................................................................
4-2-3-فنل.....................................................................................................................................................................
4-2-4-فلاوونوئید..............................................................................................................................................
4-2-5-ازت.................................................................................................................................................................
4-2-6-فسفر.........................................................................................................................................................
4-2-7-پتاسیم...................................................................................................................................................
4-2-8-کلسیم...................................................................................................................................................
4-2-9-مس........................................................................................................................................................
4-2-10-روی.........................................................................................................................................................
4-2-11-کلروفیلa................................................................................................................................................
4-2-12-کلروفیلb...............................................................................................................................................
4-2-13-کلروفیل تام.....................................................................................................................................
4-2-14-کارتنوئید....................................................................................................................................
4-2-15-آنتوسیانین............................................................................................................................................
فصل پنجم نتیجه گیری................................................................................................................................
منابع:..............................................................................................................................................................................
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