فهرست:
فصل اول مقدمه ................................................................................................................................... 1
مقدمه ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2
1-1- مدلسازی و شبیه سازی .................................................................................................................................................... 2
1-2- کاربردهای شبیه سازی........................................................................................................................................................ 3
1-2-1- کاربردهای شبیه سازی در پژوهش و توسعه فرایندها ...................................................................................... 3
1-2-2- کاربردهای شبیه سازی در طراحی فرایند ........................................................................................................... 3
1-2-3- کاربردهای شبیه سازی در بهره برداری مطلوب ازتاسیسات موجود ................................................................. 4
فصل دوم تئوری .............................................................................................................................. 6
2-1- شرح کلی ............................................................................................................................................................................. 7
2-2- چگالی و اندازه ذرات ............................................................................................................................................................ 8 2-3- فعالیت (Activity)............................................................................................................................................................... 9
2-4- مقدار کربن بر روی کاتالیست (Carbon content) ............................................................................................ . 9
2-5- تبدیل (Conversion) ............................................................................................................................................... 10
2-6- مشابه سازی واحد کت گراکر ....................................................................................................................................... 10
2-7- واکنشهای شیمیایی کراکینگ.......................................................................................................................................... 11
2-8- مدل سینیتیکی کراکینگ ................................................................................................................................................ 12
.2-9- شرح کلی واحد FCCU آبادان .................................................................................................................................... 15
2-9-1- سیستم پیش گرم کننده خوراک (Feed preheater system) ............................................................... 16
2-9-2- راکتور (Reactor) .................................................................................................................................................... 17
عنوان صفحه
2-9-3- تزریق خوراک به راکتور(Feed injection to reactor) ............................................................................ 17
2-9-4- منطقه واکنشReaction zone ) ) ................................................................................................................... 18
2-9-5- بازیابی کننده کاتالیست در راکتور(Reactor catalyst recovery) .......................................................... 19
2-9-6- عریان کننده کاتالیست مصرف شده (Spent catalyst stripper) ............................................................... 20
2-9-7- لوله ایستاده کاتالیست مصرف شده و شیرهای لغزنده
(Spent catalyst stand pipe & slide valves) .............................................................................. 21
2-9-8- احیاء کننده کاتالیست (Regenerator section) ........................................................................................... 22
2-9-9- دمنده هوا (Air blower) ...................................................................................................................................... 22
2-9-10- احیاء کننده ............................................................................................................................................................... 23
2-9-11- کاترل ((cottrell percipitator ...................................................................................................................... 25
2-9-12- بخش تفکیک محصولات راکتور(Fractionation section) .......................... ........................................ 25
2-9-13- سیستم ته مانده برج (Slurry system) ..................................................................................................... 26
2-9-14- ته نشین کننده دور(Dor settler) .................................................................................................................... 26
2-9-15- سیستم گازوییل سنگین (Heavy cycle oil system) ....................................................................... 27
2-9-16- سیستم گازوییل سبک (Light cycle oil system) ............................................................................. 27
2-9-17- سیستم برگشتی گردشی بالای برج (Top circulating reflux system) ...................................... 28
فصل سوم پیشینه ................................................................................................................. 29
فصل چهارم اشکال و جداول................................................................................................... 31
فصل پنجم نتایج و بحث ........................................................................................................... 74
عنوان صفحه
5-1- بحث و نتیجه گیری ..................................................................................................................................................... 75
5-2- خوراک .......................................................................................................................................................................... 75
5-3- رایزر (Riser) .............................................................................................................................................................. 76
5-4- راکتور ............................................................................................................................................................................ 78
5-5- کاتالیست ...................................................................................................................................................................... 79
5-6- داده های تجربی ............................................................................................................................................................ 80
فصل ششم نتیجه گیری .............................................................................................................. 84
منابع ..................................................................................................................................................... 86
منبع:
1-Hayward C.M. and Winkler W.S. “FCC :matrix/zeolite” hydrocarbon processing February 1990 pp.55-56.
2-Upson L.L “What FCC Catalyst tests Show,” Hydrocarbon Processing, November 1981, pp.253-258.
3-Pine, L.A., Maher, P.J, and Wachter, W.A.,” Prediction of cracking catalyst behavior by a zeolite unit cell size model ,”Journal of catalysis , no 85,1984,pp.466-476.
4-Magnusson ,j, and Pudas , r., Activity and Product distribution characteristics of the currently used FCC catalyst systems , “presented at Cabalistic 6th Annual FCC symposium, Munich , Germany , May 22-23,1985.
5-John G.S. and Mikovsky , R.J.,” Calculation of the average activity of cracking catalysts ,”Chemical Engineering Science , Vol. 15,1961,pp.172-175.
6-Gaughan, J.R.,” Effect of catalyst retention on inventory replacement ,”oil & gas journal , December26,1983,pp,141-145.
7-Tamborski, G.A, Magnabosco, L.M, Powell ,w., and Yoo, J.S.,” Catalyst technology improvements make so emissions control affordable ”Presented at catalytic
6th annual fcc symposium , munich ,germany, may 22-23,1985.
8-Thiel, P. G., “Additive R,”Grce Davision Catalagram, No. 71, 19859- Engelhard Corporation, “Reduced Unit Cell Size Catalysts Offer Improved Octane For FCC Gasoline,” TI-762, 1984.
10- Engelhard Corporation, “Increasing Motor Octane by Catalytic Means, Part2,”The Catalyst Report, EC6100P, May 1987.
11- Pine, L.A.,Maher, P.J, and Wachter, W.A.,” Prediction of cracking catalyst behavior by a zeolite unit cell size model ,”Journal of catalysis , no 85,1984,pp.480-490
12- John G.S. and Mikovsky , R.J.,” Calculation of the average activity of cracking catalysts ,”Chemical Engineering Science , Vol. 15,1961,pp.100-107.
13- Tamborski, G.A, Magnabosco, L.M, Powell ,w., and Yoo, J.S.,” Catalyst technology improvements make so emissions control affordable ”Presented at catalytic 6th annual fcc symposium , munich ,germany, may 22-23,1985.
14- Gaughan, J.R.,” Effect of catalyst retention on inventory replacement ,”oil & gas journal , December26,1983,pp,171-175.
15- Upson L.L “What FCC Catalyst tests Show,” Hydrocarbon Processing, November 1981, pp.307-315.
16- Thiel, P. G., “Additive R,”Grce Davision Catalagram, No. 71, 1985