پایان نامه طراحی الگوریتم های تخصیص نرخ بهینه بر مبنای تابع سودمندی در شبکه های داده

فهرست:

فهرست مطالب.............................................................................................................................................................. هشت

چکیده.................................................................................................................................................................................1

فصل اول : مقدمه

1-1 مقدمه ...........................................................................................................................................................................2

1-3 تبیین موضوع.................................................................................................................................................................5

1-2 ترتیب ارائه مطالب........................................................................................................................................................6

فصل دوم : بررسی مفهوم کیفیت سرویس در شبکه های داده

2-1 مقدمه............................................................................... .........................................................................................7

2-2 مکانیسم های موجود در شبکه برای ایجاد QoS .........................................................................................................8

2-3 روش های صف بندی با کار مداوم..............................................................................................................................9

        2-3-1 روش صف بندی FIFO.................................................................................................................................10

        2-3-2 روش صف بندی با اولویت مطلق.....................................................................................................................10

       2-3-3 روش GPS....................................................................................................................................................11

       2-3-4 روش صف بندی Round Robin ...............................................................................................................12

       2-3-5 روش Bitwise Round Robin ...............................................................................................................13

       2-3-6 روش عملی صف بندی عادلانه Bitwise Round Robin ........................................................................13

       2-3-7 روش WRR ................................................................................................................................................13

       2-3-8 روش Deficit Round Robin (DRR) .................................................................................................14

       2-3-9 روش بهبود یافته DRR (DRR+) ...............................................................................................................15

       2-3-10 روش صف بندی عادلانه وزن دهی شده (WFQ) .......................................................................................15

       2-3-11 روش WF2Q ............................................................................................................................................15

       2-3-12 روش های Delay-EDD و Jitter-EDD ..............................................................................................16

2-4 روش های صف بندی با کار غیر مداوم .....................................................................................................................17

       2-4-1 روش Leaky Bucket ...............................................................................................................................18

      2-4-2 روش Token Bucket ................................................................................................................................18

2-5 روشهای استفاده شده برای حذف کردن بسته ها .........................................................................................................18

       2-5-1 Tail Dropping ........................................................................................................................................19

       2-5-2 Random Early Detection (RED) ..................................................................................................19

       2-5-3 Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED) ........................................................................19

2-6 انواع کلاسهای سرویس در شبکه های داده ...............................................................................................................20

2-7 سرویس های مجتمع .................................................................................................................................................21

2-8 RSVP.....................................................................................................................................................................23

2-9 سرویس های تفکیک شده ........................................................................................................................................24

2-10 نتیجه گیری ............................................................................................................................................................25

فصل سوم:کنترل نرخ و مفهوم عدالت در شبکه های داده

3-1 مقدمه.........................................................................................................................................................................26

3-2  مفهوم کنترل نرخ و اهداف آن....................... ...........................................................................................................27

       3-2-1 روشهای  بر اساس پنجره ................................................................................................................................27

       3-2-2 روشهای بر اساس نرخ ....................................................................................................................................28

3-3  تقسیم بندی ترافیک های موجود در سطح شبکه .......................................................................................................29

3-4  مفهوم عدالت در تخصیص نرخ در شبکه های داده ...................................................................................................31

       3-4-1 مدل شبکه .....................................................................................................................................................32

       3-4-2 معیار عدالت حداکثر- حداقل.........................................................................................................................33

       3-4-3 معیار عدالت تناسبی .......................................................................................................................................34

      3-4-4 معیار عدالت حداقل تأخیر بالقوه .....................................................................................................................36

       3-4-5 تخصیص پهنای باند وزن دهی شده ................................................................................................................36

       3-4-6 معیار عدالت تناسبی(W,a) ...........................................................................................................................37

3-5  نتیجه گیری ..............................................................................................................................................................38

فصل چهارم: بررسی روشهای تخصیص نرخ بهینه به کاربرهای سطح شبکه براساس دیدگاه جریان سیال

4-1 مقدمه.........................................................................................................................................................................39

4-2 طرح مسئله کنترل نرخ بصورت یک مسئله بهینه سازی عمومی.....................................................................................42

        4-2-1 الگوریتم گسترده و تکرری برای پاسخ............................................................................................................45

4-3  کنترل نرخ در شبکه های کامپیوتری با استفاده ازمفهوم هزینه .....................................................................................46

       4-3-1  الگوریتم Kelly برای حل مسئله شبکه..........................................................................................................49

       4-3-2  الگوریتم Kelly برای حل مسئله کاربر .........................................................................................................50

       4-3-3  بررسی پایداری سراسری الگوریتم ها ............................................................................................................50

       4-3-4  سرعت همگرائی ...........................................................................................................................................51

       4-3-5  تأخیرهای زمانی ............................................................................................................................................52

       4-3-6  تطبیق کاربرها ...............................................................................................................................................54

       4-3-7 بهینه سازی همزمان مسیر و نرخ کاربرها .........................................................................................................55

       4-3-8  بررسی مسئله ورود و خروج کاربرها در سیستم ..............................................................................................57

4-4 نتیجه گیری................................................................................................................................................................60

فصل پنجم : روشهائی برای حل مسائل بهینه سازی محدب مقید
5-1 مقدمه ........................................................................................................................................................................61

5-2 بهینه سازی محدب مقید .............................................................................................................................................62

        5-2-1  روش تصویر گرادیان ...................................................................................................................................63

        5-2-2 الگوریتمهای تصویر گرادیان وزن دهی شده و نیوتن ......................................................................................65

        5-2-3 بررسی همگرائی با استفاده از روش شیب .......................................................................................................66

         5-2-4 لم شیب ........................................................................................................................................................67

        5-2-5 مفهوم سرعت همگرائی و مقایسه سرعت همگرائی الگوریتم ها ......................................................................68

        5-2-6 روش لاگرانژ ................................................................................................................................................70

        5-2-7 روش تابع جریمه ...........................................................................................................................................71

        5-2-8 روش تابع سد ................................................................................................................................................71

5-3 نتیجه گیری................................................................................................................................................................72

فصل ششم : طراحی و پیشنهاد الگوریتمهای تخصیص نرخ بهینه بهبود یافته

6-1  مقدمه .......................................................................................................................................................................73

6-2 معیار عدالت تناسبی(W,a) .......................................................................................................................................74

6-3  الگوریتمهای پیشنهادی ..............................................................................................................................................76

        6-3-1  الگوریتم  I ...................................................................................................................................................82

        6-3-2  الگوریتم II  .................................................................................................................................................84

        6-3-3 الگوریتم III  ................................................................................................................................................96

       6-3-4  الگوریتم IV  .............................................................................................................................................100

6-4  پایداری الگوریتم های با عدالت تناسبی در حضور تأخیر زمانی ...............................................................................102

6-5 نتیجه گیری..............................................................................................................................................................118

فصل هفتم : شبیه سازی کامپیوتری

7-1 مقدمه ......................................................................................................................................................................119

7-2 مقایسه الگوریتم های I الی IV با الگوریتمهای متعارف  ...........................................................................................119

        7-2-1 مثال اول .....................................................................................................................................................120

        7-2-2 مثال دوم .....................................................................................................................................................129

        7-2-3 مثال سوم ....................................................................................................................................................140

        7-2-4 مثال چهارم .................................................................................................................................................151

        7-2-5 مثال پنجم (بررسی اثر متقابل گلوگاه ها)......................................................................................................158

7-3  شبیه سازی ورود و خروج کاربرها ..........................................................................................................................161

7-4 شبیه سازی معیارهای عدالت دیگر در الگوریتم فازی ...............................................................................................165

7-5 شبیه سازی واقعه گسسته...........................................................................................................................................166

      7-5-1 بخش اول......................................................................................................................................................168

      7-5-2 بخش دوم......................................................................................................................................................177

      7-5-3 شبیه سازی الگوریتم سلسله مراتبی II در حضور ترافیک زمینه .......................................................................178

      7-5-4 مقایسه الگوریتم فازی با Kelly.....................................................................................................................179

7-6 نتیجه گیری..............................................................................................................................................................179

فصل هشتم : نتیجه گیری و پیشنهادات

8-1  نتیجه گیری ............................................................................................................................................................181

8-2  پیشنهادات ..............................................................................................................................................................184

فهرست علائم اختصاری ............................................................................................................................................186

مراجع ..........................................................................................................................................................................188

پیوستها

الف-ن) شکلهای تکمیلی مربوط به شبیه سازی کامپیوتری.............................................................. ................... CD ضمیمه

س) برخی برنامه های کامپیوتری مورد استفاده در شبیه سازی............................................................................... CD ضمیمه

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