فهرست:
خلاصه فارسی.............................................................................................................................................................. 1
مقدمه ............................................................................................................................................................................ 2
فصل اول: کلیات
1-1. ضرورت و اهمیت موضوع................................................................................................................................ 5
1-2. بیان مساله ........................................................................................................................................................... 5
1-3. اهداف..................................................................................................................................................................... 6
فصل دوم: بررسی متون و مطالعات دیگران در این زمینه
2-1. مروری بر روش‌های استخراج مایع- مایع و میکرواستخراج مایع- مایع.............................................. 8
2-1-1. میکرواستخراج فاز مایع............................................................................................................................... 8
2-1-1-1. میکرواستخراج فاز مایع با تک قطره................................................................................................... 8
2-1-1-2. میکرواستخراج فاز مایع با فیبر توخالی.......................................................................................... 11
2-1-1-2-1. اصول استخراج و سیستم‌های مختلف در استفاده از HF-LPME................................... 12
2-1-1-2-2. جنبه‌های عملی و پیکربندی‌های مختلف HF-LPME........................................................ 15
2-1-1-2-3. میکرواستخراج فاز مایع از فضای فوقانی با فیبر توخالی...................................................... 18
2-1-1-3. میکرواستخراج فاز مایع با استفاده از انجماد حلال استخراج کننده...................................... 21
2-1-1-4. میکرواستخراج فاز مایع- مایع پخشی (DLPME)...................................................................... 21
2-1-2. استخراج فاز جامد...................................................................................................................................... 22
2-2. کروماتوگرافی.................................................................................................................................................... 22
2-2-1. دسته‌بندی روش‌های کروماتوگرافی...................................................................................................... 23
2-2-1-1. کروماتوگرافی مایع با کارآیی بالا (HPLC).................................................................................... 23
2-2-1-2. دستگاه‌های کروماتوگرافی مایع......................................................................................................... 25
2-2-1-2-1. مخزن فاز متحرک............................................................................................................................ 26
2-2-1-2-2. سیستم‌های پمپ کننده................................................................................................................ 26
2-2-1-2-3. سیستم‌های تزریق نمونه............................................................................................................... 27
2-2-1-2-4. ستون‌های کروماتوگرافی مایع.................................................................................................... 28
2-2-1-2-4-1. انواع پر کننده‌های ستون......................................................................................................... 29
2-2-1-2-5. دمای پیستون................................................................................................................................... 29
2-2-1-2-6. آشکارسازها........................................................................................................................................ 29
2-2-1-2-6-1. آشکارساز فوتومتریک................................................................................................................ 30
2-2-1-2-6-2. آشکارساز جذب فرابنفش (UV)............................................................................................ 31
2-3. بررسی مطالعات HF-HPME .................................................................................................................... 32
2-4. بررسی داروی مورد مطالعه........................................................................................................................... 36
2-4-1. فارماکوکنتیک دارو..................................................................................................................................... 36
2-4-2. مکانیسم اثر دارو......................................................................................................................................... 37
2-4-3. موارد مصرف دارو....................................................................................................................................... 37
2-4-4. دوز مصرفی دارو......................................................................................................................................... 38
2-4-5. موارد منع مصرف و احتیاط.................................................................................................................... 39
2-4-6. عوارض جانبی............................................................................................................................................. 39
2-4-7. تداخلات....................................................................................................................................................... 40
2-4-8. اشکال دارویی.............................................................................................................................................. 41
2-4-9. خصوصیات فیزیکی دارو........................................................................................................................... 41
2-5. اهمیت اندازه‌گیری آریپیپرازول.................................................................................................................. 42
2-6. اهداف.................................................................................................................................................................. 42
فصل سوم: مواد و روش‌ها
3-1. مواد شیمیایی و تجهیزات دستگاهی......................................................................................................... 44
3-1-1. مواد شیمیایی، استانداردها و نمونه‌های حقیقی............................................................................... 44
3-1-2. تجهیزات دستگاهی................................................................................................................................... 44
3-2. روش استخراج.................................................................................................................................................. 45
3-2-1. استخراج به اختصار طی مراحل زیر انجام گرفت.............................................................................. 45
3-2-2. مراحل بهینه‌سازی..................................................................................................................................... 47
3-2-2-1. بهینه‌سازی شرایط جداسازی............................................................................................................ 47
3-2-2-2. بهینه‌سازی شرایط استخراج.............................................................................................................. 47
3-2-2-2-1. نوع حلال آلی................................................................................................................................... 47
3-2-2-2-2. اثر pH فاز دهنده............................................................................................................................ 47
3-2-2-2-3. اثر pH فاز گیرنده........................................................................................................................... 47
3-2-2-2-4. اثر قدرت یونی فاز دهنده............................................................................................................. 48
3-2-2-2-5. اثر همزدن محلول آنالیت.............................................................................................................. 48
3-2-2-2-6. اثر زمان استخراج............................................................................................................................. 48
3-2-2-2-7. اثر دما................................................................................................................................................. 48
3-2-3. ارزیابی کارآیی روش استخراج................................................................................................................ 48
3-2-3-1. منحنی درجه‌بندی............................................................................................................................... 48
3-2-3-2. تعیین فاکتور پیش تغلیظ (PF)...................................................................................................... 49
3-2-3-3. تعیین تکرارپذیری (RSD)................................................................................................................. 49
3-2-4. آنالیز نمونه حقیقی.................................................................................................................................... 49
فصل چهارم: نتایج
4-1. میکرواستخراج سه فازی بر پایه استفاده از فیبر توخالی متخلخل.................................................... 51
4-1-1. اصول تئوری................................................................................................................................................ 51
4-2. مراحل بهینه‌سازی........................................................................................................................................... 54
4-2-1. بهینه‌سازی شرایط جداسازی.................................................................................................................. 54
4-2-2. بهینه‌سازی شرایط استخراج................................................................................................................... 55
4-2-2-1. نوع حلال آلی........................................................................................................................................ 55
4-2-2-2. اثر pH فاز گیرنده و فاز دهنده......................................................................................................... 56
4-2-2-3. اثر سرعت همزدن محلول آنالیت..................................................................................................... 58
4-2-2-4. اثر قدرت یونی فاز دهنده................................................................................................................... 59
4-2-2-5. اثر زمان استخراج.................................................................................................................................. 61
4-2-2-6. اثر دما....................................................................................................................................................... 61
4-3. تعیین پارامترهای تجزیه‌ای روش استخراج............................................................................................. 63
4-3-1. تهیه‌ی منحنی درجه‌بندی....................................................................................................................... 63
4-3-2. فاکتور پیش تغلیظ (PF)......................................................................................................................... 64
4-3-3. تعیین حد تشخیص (LOD)................................................................................................................... 65
4-3-4. تکرارپذیری روش (RSD)......................................................................................................................... 66
4-4. آنالیز نمونه حقیقی.......................................................................................................................................... 66
فصل پنجم: بحث و نتیجه‌گیری
5-1. مقایسه روش استخراجی با روش‌های گزارش شده دیگر مراجع....................................................... 71
5-2. نتیجه‌گیری........................................................................................................................................................ 73
خلاصه انگلیسی...................................................................................................................................................... 76
منابع............................................................................................................................................................................. 77
ضمائم
منبع:
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