فهرست:
فصل اول: کلیات
زمینه پژوهش ............................................................................................................................. 4-1
اهداف پژوهش(هدف کلی و اهداف ویژه) ............................................................................... 5
سوألات پژوهش ........................................................................................................................ 6
تعریف واژه ها ............................................................................................................................ 7
پیش فرض های پژوهش ............................................................................................................. 9
محدودیت های پژوهش .............................................................................................................. 9
فصل دوم: زمینه و پیشینه پژوهش
2-1 چهارچوب پژوهش ............................................................................................................... 24-10
2-2 مروری بر مطالعات انجام شده ............................................................................................. 32-25
فصل سوم: روش اجرای تحقیق
3-1 نوع پژوهش ........................................................................................................................... 33
3-2 محیط پژوهش ....................................................................................................................... 33
3-3 جامعه پژوهش ....................................................................................................................... 33
3-4 نمونه های پژوهش ................................................................................................................ 33
3-5 روش نمونه گیری و تعیین حجم نمونه ................................................................................. 33
3-6 مشخصات واحد های مورد پژوهش ..................................................................................... 34
3-7 ابزار گردآوری داده ها ........................................................................................................... 35
3-8 تعیین اعتبار و اعتماد علمی ابزار گردآوری داده ها ............................................................... 36
3-9 روش گردآوری داده ها ......................................................................................................... 37
3-10 روش تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها و روشهای آماری..................................................................... 38
3-11 ملاحظات اخلاقی ................................................................................................................... 39
فصل چهارم: نتایج تحقیق
4-1 یافته های پژوهش ................................................................................................................... 40
4-2 جداول و نمودارها ................................................................................................................. 83-42
فصل پنجم: بحث و بررسی یافته ها
1-5 بحث و تفسیر نتایج پژوهش ................................................................................................ 104-84
2-5 نتیجه گیری نهایی ............................................................................................................... 108-105
3-5 کاربرد یافته ها ....................................................................................................................... 109
5-5 پیشنهادات براساس یافته ها .................................................................................................. 110
4-5 پیشنهادهایی برای تحقیقات آینده ......................................................................................... 111
منابع و مآخذ ........................................................................................................................................ 112
فهرست منابع
پیوست ها
چکیده انگلیسی
منبع:
References:
1. Sarafino EP. Health Psychology. Tehran: roshd; 2008. [text in persian]
2. Najafi M, Ahadi H, Delavar A. The Relationship between Family Function and Religiosity with Identity Crisis. Daneshvar Raftar. 2006;13(16): 26-17. [text in persian]
3. Ildarabadi E, Dabaghi F. Text book of Community Health Nursing 1,2,3. Tehran: Jameenegar; 2012. [text in persian]
4. Riasi HR, Mogharrab M, Salehi Abarqui M, Hassanzadeh Taheri E, Hassanzadeh Taheri MM. A comparative study of depression in gifted and normal students in Birjand city during 2008-2009 school year. 2. ; 20129(2):95-103. [text in persian]
5. Guilan,Rasht2012. Available from: http://amar.gilan.ir/web/guest;jsessionid=90cda1ee15f12f96598346370a14.
6. Available from: http://www.amar.org.ir/Default.aspx?tabid=1232.
7. Solhi M, Sadeghi A, Ruodbari M. The effect of group discussion education on mental health preventive behaviors in adolescence school girls. Journal of Research & Health. 2012;2(2): 56-247. [text in persian]
8. Sadeghian E, Kosha MM, Gorji S. The Study of Mental Health Status in High School Female Students in Hamadan City. Scientific journal of Hamadan university of medical sciences and health services. 2010;17(3):39-45. [text in persian]
9. Tajvidi M, Zeighami Mohammadi S. The level of loneliness, hopelessness and self-esteem in major thalassemia adolescents. blood. 2012;9(1):43-36. [text in persian]
10. Mohseni Tabrizi A, Hoveyda L, Omidi F. Deep Involving on Cyber Space and Personal and Psychological Consequences: Survey of Young Severs in Tehran City. Journal of social sciences. 2010;4(3):69-51. [text in persian]
11. Tsitsika A, Critselis E, Louizou A, Janikian M, Freskou A, Marangou E, et al. Determinants of Internet addiction among adolescents: a case-control study. The Scientific World Journal. 2011;11:866-74.
12. Wang H, Zhou X, Lu C, Wu J, Deng X, Hong L. Problematic internet use in high school students in Guangdong province, China. PloS one. 2011;6(5):e19660.
13. Yao MZ, Zhong Z-j. Loneliness, social contacts and Internet addiction: A cross-lagged panel study. Computers in Human Behavior. 2014;30:164-170.
14. Zarbakhsh Bahri M, Rashedi V, Khademi M. Loneliness and Internet addiction in students. Journal of Health Promotion Management. 2013;2(1): 38-32. [text in persian]
15. Savari k, Beshlideh k. The relationship between shyness and loneliness with Internet addictio. Journal of psychological outcomes. 2010;4(1):119-122. [text in persian]
16. Hasanzadeh R, Salehi M, Rezaei Kiyasari A. Relationship between the use of extreme from technology (internet and sms addiction) and educational and psychological state high school students. Journal of educational psychology. 2010;1(3): 69-81. [text in persian]
17. Odacı H, Çelik ÇB. Who are problematic internet users? An investigation of the correlations between problematic internet use and shyness, loneliness, narcissism, aggression and self-perception. Computers in Human Behavior. 2013;29(6):2382-7.
18. Shoeibi F. Internet Addiction. Iran: Green E-book 2013.. [text in persian]
19. Malekahmadi H, Jafarian A. Internet addiction pathology (case study: Shahinshahr city). Historical Sociology. 2012;3(2):93-116. [text in persian]
20. T FM. Disorder of internet addiction. PSI. 2007 (1):26-31.
21. Alavi S, Eslami M, Maracy M, Najafi M, Jannatifard F, Rezapour H. Psychometric properties of Young internet addiction test. Journal of behavioral sciences (JBS). 2010;4(3):183-9. [text in persian]
22. Ghasemi V, Malekahmadi H. Assess Internet addiction among users Shaheen Shahr Cafes. Quarterly Communication Research. 2010;17(4):51-77. [text in persian]
23. Masoudnia E. Problematic cyberspace use and risk of depression disorder among adolescents in Yazd. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology. 2013;8(4):15-25. [text in persian]
24. Khazaie T, Saadatjoo A, Dormohamadi S, Soleimani M, Toosinia M, Mullah Hassan Zadeh F. Prevalence of mobile dependency and adolescence aggression. Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences. 2013;19(4):430-8. [text in persian]
25. Jenaro C, Flores N, Gómez-Vela M, González-Gil F, Caballo C. Problematic internet and cell-phone use: Psychological, behavioral, and health correlates. Addiction research & theory. 2007;15(3):309-20.
26. Yaseminejad P, Golmohammadian M, Yoosefi N. The Study of the Relationship Between Cell-phone Use and General Heath in Students. Knowledge. 2012;13(1):60-72. [text in persian]
27. Ezoe S, Toda M. Relationships of loneliness and mobile phone dependence with Internet addiction in Japanese medical students. Open Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2013;3(6):407-12.
28. Naderi F, Haghshenas F. the relationship between impulsivity, loneliness and the mobile phone usage rate in mail and female students of ahvaz islamic azad university. new findings in psychology. 2009;4(12):111-21. [text in persian]
29. Manteghi M. Studying the Use of Mobile Phone by Female and Male Students. information and communication technology in educational sciences. 2011;1(2):95-128. [text in persian]
30. Baghianimoghadam MH, Shahbazi H, Boroojeni DM, Baghianimoghadam B. Attitude and Usage of Mobile Phone among Students in Yazd University of Medical Science. Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal. 2013;15(8):752-4. [text in persian]
31. Golmohammadian M, Yyaseminejad P. Normalization, validity and reliability of cell-phone over-use scale (COS) among university students. New findings in psychology. 2011;6(19):37-52. [text in persian]
32. Thomée S, Härenstam A, Hagberg M. Mobile phone use and stress, sleep disturbances, and symptoms of depression among young adults-a prospective cohort study. BMC Public Health. 2011;11(1):66-77.
33. Sánchez-Martínez M, Otero A. Factors associated with cell phone use in adolescents in the community of Madrid (Spain). CyberPsychology & Behavior. 2009;12(2):131-7.
34. Dargahi H, Razavi S. Internet addiction and its related factors: a study of an Iranian Population. Payesh. 2007;6(3):265-72. [text in persian]
35. Hasanzadeh R. Internet Addiction in Students: Threat factor for mental health. Journal of Health SystemResearch. 2010;1(3):79-85. [text in persian]
36. Sajjadian, Nadi M. Depression & social isolation in adolescent and young adult internet users, correlation with time duration of internet use. Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences2008;4(1):33-38. [text in persian]
37. Yaseminejad P, Golmohammadian M. study the relationship of big five factora and cell-phone over-use in students. social psychology research. 2011;1(2):79-105. [text in persian]
38. Kousari M, Javadi yeganeh M, Khairkhah T. Mobile phone and its effects on young students’interpersonal communications (a study on university students in tehran). media and culture. 2012;2(1):1-28. [text in persian]
39. Rahimzadeh S, Bayat M, Anari A. Loneliness and social self-efficacy in adolescence. developmental psychology (journal of iranian psychologists). 2010;6(22):87-96. [text in persian]
40. Mohammadbeigi A, Mohammadsalehi N. Prevalence of Internet Addiction and Related Risk Factors in Students. Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. 2011;20(78):41-8. [text in persian]
41. Mougahi k, alasvand. the studing of predictor personality variables of internet addiction. jundishapur scientific medical journal. 2010;9(4):359-66. [text in persian]
42. Salimi a, Jowkar b. relationship between attachment understanding and personality predispositions with loneliness in adolescence. Journal of psychological achievements. 2012;4(1):245-64. [text in persian]
43. Leifer G. maternity nursing. tehran: jameenegar:salami; 2012. [text in persian]
44. Marcdante kj, Behrman re, Kliegman rm. nelson essentials of pediatrics. tehran: arjmand; 2011. [text in persian]
45. Najafi m, Dehshiri g, Sheykhi m, dabiri s. comparison of university student's general health and academic achievement regarding the degree of their loneliness. counseling culture. 2011;2(5):115-35. [text in persian]
46. Atkinson rl, hilgard er. Hilgard,s introduction to psychology. tehran: roshd; 2011. [text in persian]
47. Emith ee, Atkinson rl, hilgard er. Hilgard,s introduction to psychology tehran: arjmand; 2006. [text in persian]
48. Rassouli m, mirlashari j, gharebagh Z. Nursing care of infant and children tehran: andisherafi; 2008. [text in persian]
49. Sadock Bj, sadock VA. Kaplan&sadock,s synopsis of psychiatry behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry. tehran: arjmand; 2007. [text in persian]
50. Lalifaz A, Askari A. The power of predicting perceived parenting styles and demographic variables on girl student's loneliness feeling. The Quarterly Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health. 2008;10(37):71-8. [text in persian]
51. Najafi M, Dehshiri G, Sheykhi M, Dabiri S. the role of self-steem,components of loneliness in prediction of students'academic achievement quarterly educational psychology. 2012;7(22):155-71. [text in persian]
52. Mohammadimajd d. Loneliness and Totalitarianism. tehran: roshangaran and women's studies; 2008. [text in persian]
53. Salimi a, Jowkar b, Nikpour r. Internet comunications in life: The role of perceived social support and loneliness in use of the Internet. 2. 2009;5(3):81-102. [text in persian]
54. Bidi f, kareshki h. the addiction to the internet (from perspective of the psychology). tehran: avayenoor; 2013. [text in persian]
55. Jafary n, etemadi o, asemi a. family and media pathology computer and internet. esfahan: amokhteh; 2012. [text in persian]
56. Pirzadeh A. The relation between general health and internet addiction in scholars of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Zahedan J Res Med Sci (ZJRMS). 2012;13(1):63. [text in persian]
57. Bahri N, SadeghMoghadam L, Khodadost L, Mohammadzade J, Banafsheh E. Internet addiction status and its relation with students’ general health at Gonabad Medical University. Modern Care Journal. 2011;8(3):166-73. [text in persian]
58. Shayegh S, Azad H, BAHRAMI H. On the relationship between internet addiction and personality traits in adolescents in Tehran. The Quarterly Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health. 2009;11(2):149-58. [text in persian]
59. Weinstein A, Feder LC, Rosenberg KP, Dannon P. Internet Addiction Disorder: Overview and Controversies. Behr Add. 2014;99-117.
60. Association AP. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth Edition (DSM-5)2013.
61. Sadock Bj, sadock VA. Kaplan&sadock,s synopsis of psychiatry behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry. tehran: arjmand; 2003. [text in persian]
62. Hamidian f. internet and mobile addiction. iran: nashreghatreh; 2008. [text in persian]
63. Young ks, abreu cnd. internet addiction: a handbook and guide to evaluation and treatment. tehran: asim; 2012. [text in persian]
64. Mansourian M, Solhi M, Adab Z, Latifi M. Relationship between dependence to mobile phone with loneliness and social support in University students. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences. 2014;21(120):1-8. [text in persian]
65. Ahmadi h, Zadehmohammadi f, Masoombeigi m, sohrabi f. Prevalence of Internet addiction and its relationship with demographic factors among students of Allameh Tabatabai University. Journal of Educational Psychology. 2012;8(25):19-34. [text in persian]
66. Esen BK, Aktas E, Tuncer I. An Analysis of University Students’ Internet Use in Relation to Loneliness and Social Self-efficacy. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2013;84:1504-8.
67. Arabzadeh M, Bayanati M, Nikdel F, Nadery MS, Naimi G. The Relationship of Internet Addiction with Loneliness and Identity Styles. Journal of Science and today's world. 2012;1(1):59-70.
68. Tan Ç, Pamuk M, Dönder A. Loneliness and Mobile Phone. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2013;103:606-611.
69. Özben Ş. A comparison of the loneliness levels of Turkish university students in terms of Internet use. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences. 2013;2(3):112-16.
70. Chiu S-I, Hong F-Y, Chiu S-L. An Analysis on the Correlation and Gender Difference between College Students’ Internet Addiction and Mobile Phone Addiction in Taiwan. International Scholarly Research Notices. 2013.
71. Cheung LM, Wong WS. The effects of insomnia and internet addiction on depression in Hong Kong Chinese adolescents: an exploratory cross‐sectional analysis. Journal of sleep research. 2011;20(2):311-17.
72. Khazaei T, Sharifzadeh G, Jahed Sarawani M, Hedayati H. The relationship between emotional intelligence and mobile dependency of students in Birjand Azad University, 2012. Modern Care Journal. 2014;10(4):279-87. [text in persian]
73. Bahirayi H, Delavar A, Ahadi H. Standardization of UCLA Loneliness Scale (version 3) on students attending universities in Tehran. Thought and Behavior in Clinical Psychology. 2006;1(1):6-18. [text in persian]
74. Wang L, Luo J, Bai Y, Kong J, Luo J, Gao W, et al. Internet addiction of adolescents in China: Prevalence, predictors, and association with well-being. Addiction Research & Theory. 2013;21(1):62-69.
75. Ha Y-M, Hwang WJ. Gender Differences in Internet Addiction Associated with Psychological Health Indicators Among Adolescents Using a National Web-based Survey. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 2014;1-10.
76. Bruno A, Scimeca G, Cava L, Pandolfo G, Zoccali RA, Muscatello MR. Prevalence of Internet Addiction in a Sample of Southern Italian High School Students. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. 2014;1-8.
77. Şaşmaz T, Öner S, Kurt AÖ, Yapıcı G, Buğdaycı R, Şiş M. Prevalence and risk factors of Internet addiction in high school students. The European Journal of Public Health. 2013:ckt051.
78. Stavropoulos V, Alexandraki K, Motti-Stefanidi F. Recognizing internet addiction: Prevalence and relationship to academic achievement in adolescents enrolled in urban and rural Greek high schools. Journal of adolescence. 2013;36(3):565-76.
79. Lopez-Fernandez O, Freixa-Blanxart M, Honrubia-Serrano ML. The problematic Internet entertainment use scale for adolescents: prevalence of problem Internet use in Spanish high school students. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 2013;16(2):108-18.
80. Kuss DJ, van Rooij AJ, Shorter GW, Griffiths MD, van de Mheen D. Internet addiction in adolescents: Prevalence and risk factors. Computers in Human Behavior. 2013;29(5):1987-96.
81. Allameh S, Moshtaghi M, editors. Problematic Internet use and its relation to psychosomatic illnesses and life satisfaction among adolescents in Iran. Fourth International Congress of Psychosomatic; 2012; Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan (Isfahan). [text in persian]
82. Abazari K, Nourian Z, editors. investigate of correlation between Internet addiction and depression. Fourth International Congress of Psychosomatic; 2012; Islamic Azad University of Khorasgan (Isfahan). [text in persian]
83. Fallahi F, Asiri S, Ghanbari A, Kazemnekhad leili E. investigate the status of Internet addiction and how to use them in the Gilan University of Medical Sciences students in 1391-92.: Gilan University of Medical Sciences; 2013.
84. Carbonell X, Oberst U, Beranuy M. The Cell Phone in the Twenty-First Century: A Risk for Addiction or a Necessary Tool? Principles of addiction. 2013:901 -9.
85. Lopez-Fernandez O, Honrubia-Serrano M, Freixa-Blanxart M. Spanish adaptation of the" Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale" for adolescent population. Adicciones. 2011;24(2):123-130.
86. Lopez-Fernandez O, Honrubia-Serrano L, Freixa-Blanxart M, Gibson W. Prevalence of Problematic Mobile Phone Use in British Adolescents. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 2014;17(2):91-8.
87. Carbonell X, Chamarro A, Griffiths M, Oberst U, Cladellas R, Talarn A. Problematic Internet and cell phone use in Spanish teenagers and young students. Anales de psicología. 2012;28(3):789-96.
88. Martinotti G, Villella C, Di Thiene D, Di Nicola M, Bria P, Conte G, et al. Problematic mobile phone use in adolescence: a cross-sectional study. Journal of public health. 2011;19(6):545-51.
89. Jose PE, Lim BTL. Social Connectedness Predicts Lower Loneliness and Depressive Symptoms over Time in Adolescents. Open Journal of Depression. 2014; 3(4):154-63.
90. Ma Z-w, Liang J-j, Zeng W-n, Jiang S, Liu T. The Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Loneliness: Does Social Anxiety Matter? International Journal of Psychological Studies. 2014;6(2):151-65.
91. Shevlin M, Murphy S, Mallett J, Stringer M, Murphy J. Adolescent loneliness and psychiatric morbidity in Northern Ireland. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2013;52(2):230-4.
92. Pontes HM, Griffiths MD, Patrão IM. Internet Addiction and Loneliness Among Children and Adolescents in the Education Setting: An Empirical Pilot Study. Aloma: Revista de Psicologia, Ciències de l'Educació i de l'Esport. 2014;32(1):91-8.
93. Koyuncu T, Unsal A, Arslantas D. Assessment of internet addiction and loneliness in secondary and high school students. Assessment. 2014;64(9):998-1002.
94. Huan VS, Ang RP, Chong WH, Chye S. The Impact of Shyness on Problematic Internet Use: The Role of Loneliness. The Journal of Psychology. 2014 (ahead-of-print).
95. Bian M, Leung L. Linking Loneliness, Shyness, Smartphone Addiction Symptoms, and Patterns of Smartphone Use to Social Capital. Social Science Computer Review. 2014:0894439314528779.
96. Liu H, Yu H-L. The Relationship among University Students’ Mobile Phone Addiction and Mobile Phone Motive, Loneliness. Psychological Science. 2011;34(6):1453-7.
97. Durkee T, Kaess M, Carli V, Brunner R, Wasserman D. P-598-Prevalence of pathological internet use among adolescents in Europe: demographic and health-related risk factors. European Psychiatry. 2012;107(12):2210-22.
98. Yu L, Shek DTL. Internet addiction in Hong Kong adolescents: a three-year longitudinal study. Journal of pediatric and adolescent gynecology. 2013;26(3):7-10.
99. Adiele I, Olatokun W. Prevalence and determinants of Internet addiction among adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior. 2014;31:100-110.
100. Ozcinar Z. The Relationship Between Internet Addiction and Communication, Educational and Physical Problems of Adolescents in North Cyprus. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counselling. 2011;21(01):22-32.
101. Odacı H, Kalkan M. Problematic Internet use, loneliness and dating anxiety among young adult university students. Computers & Education. 2010;55(3):1091-7.
102. Fisoun V, Floros G, Geroukalis D, Ioannidi N, Farkonas N, Sergentani E, et al. Internet addiction in the island of Hippocrates: the associations between internet abuse and adolescent off‐line behaviours. Child and Adolescent Mental Health. 2012;17(1):37-44.
103. Mohammadi A, Naghdi A, Aliverdinia A, Kiani M. A sociological study of the relationship between social capital and addiction to the internet among the youth in the city of hamedan. youths, culture and society research. 2011 (5):1-27. [text in persian]
104. Sepehrian F, Jokar L. The relationship of internet addiction with anxiety in A&B personality types. Researches of cognitive and behavioral science. 2013;2(2):17-30[text in persian].
105. Hosseini Beheshtiyan S. Comparison of Internet Addiction between Girl and Boy Student of Universities of Tehran. women’s studies. 2012;2(4):23-42. [text in persian]
106. Lashgarara B, Taghavi Shahri M, Maheri AB, Sadeghi R. Internet addiction and general health of dormitory students of TehranUniversity of Medical Sciences in 2010. Journal of School of Public Health and Institute of Public Health Research. 2012;10(1):67-76. [text in persian]
107. Mohamadbeigi A, Ghazavi A, Ghamari F, Saeidi A. Effect of internet addiction on educational status of Arak University of medical sciences students, spring 2009. Arak Medical University Journal. 2010;12(4):95-102. [text in persian]
108. Weinstein A, Lejoyeux M. Internet addiction or excessive internet use. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse. 2010;36(5):277-83.
109. Gunuc S, Dogan A. The relationships between Turkish adolescents’ Internet addiction, their perceived social support and family activities. Computers in Human Behavior. 2013;29(6):2197-207.
110. Abedini Y, Zamani B. Investigating motivation, type and rate of mobile use in university students. Contemporary Psychology. 2013;7(2):73-86. [text in persian]
111. Sahin S, Ozdemir K, Unsal A, Temiz N. Evaluation of mobile phone addiction level and sleep quality in university students. Pakistan journal of medical sciences. 2013;29(4):913-18.
112. Divband F. Relationships between Sensation Seeking, Leisure Boredom, and Self-Esteem, with Addiction to Cellphon. Psychological Research. 2013;15(2):30-47. [text in persian]
113. Panahi Y, Aslani T, Faraji R, editors. Psychosocial damages and dependency to mobile phone in students. 6th International Congress on Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; 2013: Tabtiz university of medical sciences. [text in persian]
114. Smahel D, Brown BB, Blinka L. Associations between online friendship and Internet addiction among adolescents and emerging adults. Developmental psychology. 2012;48(2):381.
115. Pirzadeh A. Internet Addiction among the Students in Isfahan Payam-e-Nour University (Kohandej Branch). Journal of Health System Research. 2012;7(5):580-6. [text in persian]
116. Augner C, Hacker GW. Associations between problematic mobile phone use and psychological parameters in young adults. International journal of public health. 2012;57(2):437-41.
117. Khajehmougahi N, Alasvand M. The Studying of Predictor Personality Variables of Internet Addiction. Journal of scientific-medical. 2011;9(4):359-66. [text in persian]
118. Vahidifar H, nabavi zadeh H, ardebily fard M. Assessment of internet addiction among college students in North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences in Bojnoord, Iran. Journal of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. 2013;5(4):1081-8. [text in persian]
119. Maheri A, Shojaeizadeh D, Tol A H, M, Bahrami M, Sadeghi R. Assessing the effect of blended educational intervention on internet addiction preventing among female university students living in Tehran University of Medical Sciences dormitories: Application of Health Belief Model (HBM). Journal of Health System Research. 2013;9(10):1078-81. [text in persian]
120. Durkee T, Kaess M, Carli V, Parzer P, Wasserman C, Floderus B, et al. Prevalence of pathological internet use among adolescents in Europe: demographic and social factors. Addiction. 2012;107(12):2210-22.