پایان نامه مطالعه پارامتر های موثر در سنتز نانو ذرات نقره به روش میکروامولسیون معکوس

فهرست:

فصل اول: مقدمه  

1

1-1- فلز نقره

2

1-1-1- خواص فیزیکی و شیمیایی نقره

2

1-1-2 – منابع و ترکیبات مهم  نقره

3

1-1-3- کاربرد های نانو ذرات نقره

4

1-1-4- ترکیبات رایج در نانو ذرات نقره

4

1-2- نانو ذرات و روش های سنتز

6

1-3- فرایند ترسیب

10

1-3-1- هسته سازی

12

1-3-2- رشد

15

1-4- ترسیب در میکرو امولسیون ها

17

1-4-1- مواد فعال سطحی

18

1-4-2 –اندیس HLB

22

1-4-3 – سنتز نانو ذرات در میکرو امولسیون ها

22

1-4-4 – روش تک امولسیونی و دو امولسیونی

27

2- فصل دوم: پیشینه تحقیق

29

2-1-اهداف

34

3- فصل سوم: مطالعات آزمایشگاهی

36

3-1-تجهیزات و مواد لازم

37

3-2- روش آزمایش

38

3-3- روش دو امولسیونی

40

3-4- آنالیز نانو ذرات نقره تولیدی

42

3-4-1-دستگاه پراکندگی نور دینامیکی

42

3-4-2-آنالیز تفرق اشعه X

43

3-4-3-آنالیز میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی

44

3-4-4-آنالیز میکروسکوپ الکترونی عبوری

45

3-4-5-آنالیز طیف‌بینی فوتوالکترون اشعه ایکس

47

3-4-6-آنالیز اسپکتروفتومتری UV-Vis

48

4- فصل چهارم:  مدل سازی

50

4-1-واکنش شیمیایی

53

4-2-هسته سازی

54

4-3-رشد

55

4-4-موازنه جرم

57

4-5-بهینه سازی پارامتر های کینتیکی

59

5- فصل پنجم:  نتایج و بحث

60

5-1- الگوی XRD نانو ذرات سنتز شده

61

5-2-اثر مواد فعال سطحی بر مورفولوژی و توزیع اندازه ذرات

62

5-2-1-آنالیز اسپکتروفتومتری UV-Vis نمونه های سنتز شده

65

5-2-2-عکس های TEM نمونه های سنتز شده

66

5-2-3-عکس های SEM نمونه های سنتز شده

71

5-3-اثر مواد افزودنی بر مورفولوژی و توزیع اندازه ذرات

72

5-3-1-عکس های TEM نمونه های سنتز شده در حضور مواد افزودنی

74

5-3-2-عکس های SEM نمونه های سنتز شده

78

5-4-نتایج مدلسازی

5-4-1-اثر غلظت هیدرازین بر روی اندازه متوسط ذرات

79

5-4-1-اثر غلظت نیترات نقره بر روی اندازه متوسط ذرات

79

5-4-2-پارامتر های بهینه مدل

80

5-5-نتیجه گیری

83

5-6-پیشنهادات

84

مراجع

86

پیوست 1: نتایج آنالیز اسپکتوفتومتری UV-Vis

95

پیوست 2: نتایج آنالیز  XRD

100

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