پایان نامه مدل سازی و شبیه سازی فرآیند نمک‌ زدایی الکترو استاتیک نفت خام

فهرست:

فصل اول: مقدمه و مفاهیم اولیه. 2

1-1- مقدمه. 2

1-1-1- عوامل موثر در پایداری امولسیون‌ها 4

1-2- تاریخچه جدا کردن آب از نفت خام. 7

1-3- روش‌های جداسازی آب‌نمک از نفت خام. 8

1-3-1- ته‌نشینی توسط نیروی ثقل.. 8

1-3-2- روش‌ حرارتی.. 9

1-3-3- استفاده از مواد شیمیایی.. 9

1-3-4- شست‌وشو با آب خالص‌تر. 10

1-3-5- روش‌های مکانیکی.. 10

1-3-5- روش الکتریکی.. 11

1-3-6- استفاده از غشاء 12

1-3-7- استفاده از امواج اولتراسونیک و میکروویو. 12

1-3-8- روش بیولوژیکی.. 13

1-4- شرح فرآیند نمک‌زدایی الکترواستاتیک.... 13

1-5- امولسیون‌سازی در شیر اختلاط.. 16

1-5-1- راندمان اختلاط.. 17

1-5-2- آب رقیق‌کننده 17

1-6- اصول نمک‌زدایی الکترواستاتیکی.. 19

1-6-1- جریان متناوب... 19

1-6-2- جریان مستقیم.. 21

1-6-3- ترکیب میدان‌های متناوب و مستقیم.. 22

1-6-4- فرکانس دوگانه. 24

فصل دوم: مروری بر تحقیقات گذشته. 26

2-1- مطالعات صورت گرفته در زمینه امولسیون‌سازی.. 26

2-2- مطالعات صورت گرفته در زمینه جداسازی آب از نفت... 28

فصل سوم: مدلسازی.. 33

3-1- معادله موازنه جمعیت... 33

3-2- مدلسازی شیر اختلاط.. 35

3-2-1- تابع شکست... 36

3-2-2- ضریب به هم چسبیدگی.. 38

3-3- آنالیز مسیر حرکت قطره در حضور میدان الکتریکی.. 40

3-3-1- نیروی الکتریکی القایی.. 40

3-3-2- نیروی واندروالس.... 43

3-3-3- توابع حرکت نسبی.. 45

3-3-4- معادله مسیر حرکت... 46

3-4- مدلسازی دستگاه نمک‌زدای الکترواستاتیک تحت تأثیر میدان‌های الکتریکی متناوب   افقی و عمودی  47

3-5- خواص فیزیکی آب نمک و نفت خام. 50

3-6- روش حل معادله موازنه جمعیت... 52

فصل چهارم: نتایج و تحلیل داده‌ها 56

4-1- نتایج حاصل از مدلسازی شیر اختلاط.. 56

4-2- نتایج آنالیز حرکت قطرات در حضور میدان الکتریکی متناوب... 60

4-3- نتایج حاصل از مدلسازی دستگاه الکترواستاتیک.... 62

4-3-1- دستگاه الکترواستاتیک یک مرحله‌ای میدان افقی.. 64

4-3-2- ارزیابی صحت مدلسازی انجام شده 72

4-3-3- دستگاه الکترواستاتیک دو مرحله‌ای میدان افقی.. 74

4-3-4- دستگاه الکترواستاتیک میدان عمودی.. 81

فصل پنجم: نتیجه‌گیری و پیشنهادات... 84

مراجع.. 86

    چکیده و صفحه عنوان به انگلیسی

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