فهرست:
فصل اوّل: کلیات و مباحث نظری
1-1- مقدمه
2
1-2- جداسازی تعادلی و جداسازی کنترل کننده سرعت
3
1-3- فرایندهای جداسازی غشایی
5
1-4- تعریف غشاء
6
1-5- غشاهای سرامیکی
8
1-5-1- مزایای غشاهای سرامیکی
16
1-5-2- روشهای ساخت غشاهای سرامیکی
17
1-5-2-1- روش سل-ژل
20
1-5-2-2- روش غوطهوری
23
1-5-2-3- روش ریختهگری لغزشی
24
1-5-2-4- پرس کردن
25
1-5-2-5- ریختهگری نواری
26
1-5-2-6- اکستروژن
27
1-5-2-7- رسوب شیمیایی بخار
28
1-5-3- مشخصهیابی غشاهای سرامیکی
30
1-5-3-1- مورفولوژی مقاطع عرضی و سطوح غشاء
31
1-5-3-2- ایزوترمهای جذب/دفع گاز
32
1-6- نانوفیلتراسیون
32
1-6-1- اصول نانوفیلتراسیون
33
1-6-2- غشاهای نانوفیلتراسیون
33
1-6-3- کاربردهای صنعتی نانوفیلتراسیون
34
فصل دوّم: مروری بر تحقیقات گذشته
2-1- مقدمه
38
2-2- غشاهای تک لایه
38
2-3- غشاهای اصلاح شده
44
2-4- غشاهای چند لایه
49
فصل سوّم: مواد و روشها
56
3-1- مقدمه
57
3-2-ساخت نگهدارنده غشایی آلفا آلومینا
57
3-2-1-مواد و دستگاههای مورد نیاز
57
3-2-1-1-پودر آلفا آلومینا
58
3-2-1-2-اتانول
58
3-2-1-3- پلی وینیل الکل
59
3-1-2-4- دستگاه شیکر
59
3-1-2-5- دستگاه پرس و قالب دیسکی
61
3-2-2-روشهای آماده سازی پودر آلفا آلومینا
61
3-2-2-1-استفاده از اتانول جهت آماده سازی پودر آلفا آلومینا
62
3-2-2-2-استفاده از ماده چسبان پلی وینیل الکل جهت آماده سازی پودر آلفا آلومینا
63
3-2-3-تعیین مشخصات نگهدارنده
63
3-3-ساخت غشاهای دولایه آلومینا-تیتانیا بر پایه نگهدارندههای آلفا آلومینا با استفاده از روشهای سل-ژل و غوطهوری
63
3-3-1-مواد مورد نیاز
63
3-3-1-1-آلومینیوم تری سک بوتاکساید
64
3-3-1-2-تیتانیوم تترا ایزوپروپکساید
65
3-3-1-3- حلالها
65
3-3-1-4- اسید نیتریک
66
3-3-1-5-پلی وینیل الکل و هیدروکسی پروپیل سلولز
66
3-3-2-آماده سازی سل آلومینا
68
3-3-3-آماده سازی سل تیتانیا
72
3-3-4-ساخت لایههای نازک غشایی آلومینا-تیتانیا بر پایه آلفا آلومینا
73
3-3-5-ساخت غشاهای آلومینا-تیتانیا بدون نگهدارنده
74
3-3-6-مشخصهیابی لایههای غشایی پوشش داده شده بر روی نگهدارنده
74
3-4-آزمایشات نانوفیلتراسیون
75
3-4-1-دستگاههای فیلتراسیون غشایی
81
3-4-2-نفوذپذیری آب خالص
82
3-4-3- اندازهگیری میزان دفع نمک
فصل چهارم: نتایج و بحث
4-1- مشخصه یابی نگهدارنده غشایی آلفا آلومینا
85
4-1-1- اثر فشار اعمالی
85
4-1-2- اثر دمای زینترینگ
88
4-1-3- اثر افزودنیهای آلی
88
4-2-خواص سلهای کلوئیدی آلومینا و تیتانیا
89
4-3- مشخصهیابی غشاهای دولایه آلومینا-تیتانیا
91
4-3-1- میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی
91
4-3-2- پراش اشعه ایکس
93
4-3-3- ایزوترم جذب/دفع نیتروژن
96
4-3-4- نفوذپذیری آب خالص برای غشاهای دولایه
97
4-4- دفع غشایی
98
4-4-1- میزان دفع یون کلر در غلظتهای مختلف محلول کلرید سدیم
98
4-4-2- میزان دفع کلر در فشارهای مختلف
99
فصل پنجم: نتیجهگیری
5-1- نتیجهگیری
102
5-2- پیشنهادات
104
فهرست منابع و مآخذ
105
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