پایان نامه برنامه ریزی توان راکتیو شبکه با در نظر گرفتن عدم قطعیت باربا استفاده از یک روش تکاملی

فهرست:

فهرست مطالب

چکیده:........................................................................................................................................................................................... 1

فصل اول................................................................................................................................................................................... 2

1-1  مقدمه.................................................................................................................................................................................. 2

1-2  طرح موضوع....................................................................................................................................................................... 3

1-3  ساختار گزارش.................................................................................................................................................................... 3

فصل دوم توان راکتیو، ادوات تامین کننده و برنامه ریزی آن............................................................................. 5

2-1  کلیاتی در تعریف توان راکتیو................................................................................................................................................ 5

2-2  وسایل تولید قدرت راکتیو.................................................................................................................................................... 5

2-2-1  ژنراتورهای سنکرون....................................................................................................................................................... 6

2-2-2  کندانسورهای سنکرون.................................................................................................................................................... 6

2-2-3  موتورهای سنکرون......................................................................................................................................................... 6

2-2-4  خازن.............................................................................................................................................................................. 6

2-2-5  محل نصب خازن......................................................................................................................................................... 10

2-2-6 خازن گذاری در جهت کاهش تلفات............................................................................................................................ 11

2-3  علل تشدید نیاز به خازن گذاری در شبکه های ایران......................................................................................................... 12

2-4 پیشینه موضوع برنامه ریزی توان راکتیو............................................................................................................................... 13

2-5 روش‌های مورد استفاده برای حل مساله برنامه‌ریزی توان راکتیو........................................................................................... 19

2-5-1 روش‌های تحلیلی (AM).............................................................................................................................................. 20

2-5-2  روش‌های برنامه‌ریزی عددی (NP)............................................................................................................................. 20

2-5-3 روش های اکتشافی (HM)........................................................................................................................................... 20

2-5-4  روش‌های هوش مصنوعی (AI)................................................................................................................................... 21

2-5-5 روش‌های ترکیبی (AI).................................................................................................................................................. 22

2-6  شرح مختصری بر برخی از الگوریتم‌های مبتنی بر هوش مصنوعی (AI).............................................................................. 24

2-6-1  الگوریتم (PSO).......................................................................................................................................................... 24

2-6-2 الگوریتم (GA)............................................................................................................................................................. 26

2-6-2-1 کدگذاری................................................................................................................................................................. 26

2-6-2-2 ارزیابی..................................................................................................................................................................... 26

2-6-2-3 ترکیب...................................................................................................................................................................... 27

2-6-2-4 جهش....................................................................................................................................................................... 28

2-6-2-5 رمزگشایی................................................................................................................................................................ 28

2-7  الگوریتم بهینه‌سازی مبتنی بر آموزش-یادگیری (TLBO).................................................................................................... 29

2-7-1 مرحله مدرس................................................................................................................................................................ 29

2-7-2  فاز یادگیرنده................................................................................................................................................................ 30

2-8  طبقه بندى کارهای ارائه شده............................................................................................................................................. 30

فصل سوم الگوریتم PSO............................................................................................................................................... 33

3-1  مروری بر الگوریتم  PSO................................................................................................................................................. 33

3-2  انواع توپولوژی ذرات....................................................................................................................................................... 34

3-2-1  توپولوژی ستاره .......................................................................................................................................................... 34

3-2-2  توپولوژی حلقه........................................................................................................................................................... 34

3-2-3  توپولوژی چرخی......................................................................................................................................................... 35

3-3  روند الگوریتم PSO.......................................................................................................................................................... 35

3-4  مراحل اجرای الگوریتم PSO............................................................................................................................................. 37

3-5 بررسی تاثیرات پارامترهای PSO......................................................................................................................................... 38

3-5-1 ثابت های شتاب............................................................................................................................................................ 38

3-5-2 تعداد ذرات .................................................................................................................................................................. 38

3-5-3 حداکثر سرعت............................................................................................................................................................... 39

3-5-4 وزن اینرسی................................................................................................................................................................... 39

فصل چهارم.......................................................................................................................................................................... 41

4-1 مقدمه................................................................................................................................................................................. 41

4-2 چارچوب عملکرد مالک بهردار در مسئله برنامه ریزی خازن گذاری.................................................................................... 41

4-3 کاهش سناریو..................................................................................................................................................................... 46

4-4 الگوریتم پسروی کاهش سناریو........................................................................................................................................... 48

4-5- فرمول بندی ریاضی مسئله برنامه ریزی تصادفی خازن گذاری.......................................................................................... 49

4-6مطالعات تحلیلی................................................................................................................................................................. 58

فصل پنجم:............................................................................................................................................................................ 85

5-1 نتیجه گیری........................................................................................................................................................................ 85

5-2 پیشنهادات........................................................................................................................................................................... 87

منابع انگلیسی.............................................................................................................................................................................. 88

چکیده انگلیسی............................................................................................................................................................................ 94

فهرست جداول

جدول (2-1) طبقه بندى مقالات................................................................................................................................................... 7

فهرست اشکال

شکل(2-1)  نمایش های برداری برای یک مدار با ضریب قدرت تأخیری..................................................................................... 9

شکل (2-2) نمایی کلی از روش‌های مورد استفاده برای حل مساله برنامه‌ریزی توان راکتیو......................................................... 23

شکل (2-3) مسیر حرکت یک ذره در دو تکرار متوالی................................................................................................................ 25

شکل (2-4) فلوچارت الگوریتم ژنتیک...................................................................................................................................... 27

شکل(4-1) مالک-بهره­بردار و متغیرهای تصمیم­گیری پیش رو .................................................................................................... 42

شکل(4-2) ساختار مسئله برنامه­ریزی خازن­گذاری.................................................................................................................... 43

شکل (4-3) ساختار مسئله برنامه ریزی تصادفی......................................................................................................................... 44

شکل(4- 4) درخت سناریوی برنامه­ریزی تصادفی..................................................................................................................... 45

شکل(4-5) هزینه خازن سه پله ای............................................................................................................................................ 50

شکل(4-6) شماتیک مدل تپ ترانس.......................................................................................................................................... 52

شکل (4-7) شبکه استاندارد 30 باسه......................................................................................................................................... 58

شکل (4-8) شبکه استاندارد 57 باسه......................................................................................................................................... 59

شکل (4-9  )  شبکه استاندارد 118 باسه.................................................................................................................................. 60

شکل (4-10) هزینه انتظاری بر حسب تعداد سناریو در شبکه 30 باسه....................................................................................... 61

شکل (4-11) هزینه انتظاری بر حسب تعداد سناریو در شبکه 57 باسه....................................................................................... 61

شکل (4-12) هزینه انتظاری بر حسب تعداد سناریو در شبکه 118 باسه.................................................................................... 62

شکل (4-13) درخت سناریو بار مصرفی اکتیو 30 باسه............................................................................................................. 63

شکل(4-14) درخت سناریو کاهش داده شده بار مصرفی اکتیو 30 باسه..................................................................................... 63

شکل (4-15) درخت سناریو بار مصرفی اکتیو 57 باسه............................................................................................................. 64

شکل (4-16) درخت سناریو کاهش داده شده بار مصرفی اکتیو 57 باسه.................................................................................... 64

شکل (4-17) درخت سناریو بار مصرفی اکتیو 118 باسه.......................................................................................................... 65

شکل (4-18) درخت سناریو کاهش داده شده بار مصرفی اکتیو 118 باسه................................................................................. 65

شکل (4-19) درخت سناریو بار مصرفی راکتیو 30 باسه........................................................................................................... 66

شکل (4-20) درخت سناریو کاهش داده شده بار مصرفی راکتیو 30 باسه.................................................................................. 66

شکل (4-21) درخت سناریو بار مصرفی راکتیو 57 باسه........................................................................................................... 67

شکل (4-22) درخت سناریو کاهش داده شده بار مصرفی راکتیو 57 باسه ................................................................................. 67

شکل (4-23) درخت سناریو بار مصرفی راکتیو 118 باسه........................................................................................................ 68

شکل (4-24) درخت سناریو کاهش داده شده بار مصرفی راکتیو 118 باسه............................................................................... 68

شکل (4-25) درخت سناریو قیمت توان اکتیو............................................................................................................................ 69

 شکل (4-26) درخت سناریو کاهش داده شده قیمت توان اکتیو  ............................................................................................... 69

شکل (4-27) درخت سناریو قیمت توان راکتیو ........................................................................................................................ 70

شکل (4-28) درخت سناریو کاهش داده شده قیمت توان راکتیو ............................................................................................... 70

شکل (4-29)هزینه انتظاری بر حسب معیار ریسک 30 باسه...................................................................................................... 72

شکل )4-30)هزینه انتظاری بر حسب معیار ریسک 57 باسه...................................................................................................... 74

شکل (4-31)هزینه انتظاری بر حسب معیار ریسک 118 باسه................................................................................................... 74

شکل (4-32) ظرفیت خازن  بر حسب معیار ریسک در شبکه 30 باسه...................................................................................... 75

شکل (4-33) ظرفیت خازن  بر حسب معیار ریسک در شبکه 57 باسه...................................................................................... 76

شکل (4-34) ظرفیت خازن  بر حسب معیار ریسک در شبکه 118 باسه................................................................................... 77

شکل (4-35)توان راکتیو انتظاری بر حسب معیار ریسک 30 باسه.............................................................................................. 78

شکل (4-36)توان راکتیو انتظاری بر حسب معیار ریسک 57 باسه.............................................................................................. 79

شکل (4-37)توان راکتیو انتظاری بر حسب معیار ریسک 118 باسه........................................................................................... 80

شکل (4-38) نوسانات  ولتاژ شبکه 30 باسه بر حسب مقدار ............................................................................................... 82

شکل (4-39) نوسانات  ولتاژ شبکه 57 باسه بر حسب مقدار ............................................................................................... 83

شکل (4-40) نوسانات  ولتاژ شبکه 118باسه بر حسب مقدار .............................................................................................. 84

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