پایان نامه تشخیص گوینده در محیط شامل چند گوینده با استفاده از ماشین بردار پشتیبان

فهرست:

فهرست مطالب

فصل اول: معرفی سیستم های تشخیص گوینده

1-1 –مقدمه...........................................................................................................................................................................................................2

1-2-مراحل مختلف کاری سیستم های تشخیص گوینده...........................................................................................................................6

     1-2-1- قطعه بند آکوستیکی.....................................................................................................................................................................7

     1-2-2-تشخیص گفتار از غیر گفتار..........................................................................................................................................................8

     1-2-3-تشخیص جنسیت گوینده..............................................................................................................................................................9

     1-2-4-تشخیص تغییر گوینده...................................................................................................................................................................9

1-3-روش های بخش بندی و خوشه بندی گویندگان..............................................................................................................................10

     1-3-1-روش­های بر اساس فاصله...........................................................................................................................................................10

     1-3-2-روش­های بر اساس مدل..............................................................................................................................................................11

     1-3-3-روش­های هیبرید یا ترکیبی.......................................................................................................................................................11

1-4-خوشه بندی نمودن..................................................................................................................................................................................11

1-5- خلاصه........................................................................................................................................................................................................12

فصل دوم: تشخیص گفتار از نواحی غیرگفتاری

2-1-مقدمه...........................................................................................................................................................................................................14

2-2-ساختار قسمت تشخیص گفتار از غیر گفتار........................................................................................16

     2-2-1-پیش پردازش.................................................................................................................................................................................16

     2-2-2-استخراج ویژگی............................................................................................................................................................................17

          2-2-2-1-انرژی...................................................................................................................................................................................18

          2-2-2-2-نرخ عبور از صفر...............................................................................................................................................................19

          2-2-2-3- استخراج ویژگی به کمک ضرایب کپسترال فرکانسی در مقیاس مل.................................................................19

          2-2-2-4- ضرایب LPC...........................................................................................................23

          2-2-2-5- آنتروپی.............................................................................................................................................................................24

          2-2-2-6- اندازه متناوب بودن........................................................................................................................................................26

ح

          2-2-2-7- اطلاعات زیر باند.............................................................................................................................................................28

          2-2-2-8- سایر پارامترها..................................................................................................................................................................28

     2-2-3- محاسبه آستانه.............................................................................................................................................................................29

     2-2-4- تصمیمات VAD..............................................................................................................29

          2-2-4-1- تصمیم گیری مبتنی بر مدل مخفی مارکوف..........................................................................................................30

          2-2-4-2- تصمیم گیری مبتنی بر شبکه های عصبی...............................................................................................................31

     2-2-5- تصحیح نتایج VAD..........................................................................................................33

2-3- بلوک دیاگرام چند VAD استاندارد....................................................................................................................................................33

     2-3-1-استاندارد ETSI AMR........................................................................................................33

     2-3-2- الگوریتم GSM...............................................................................................................34

2-4-خلاصه.........................................................................................................................................................................................................35

فصل سوم: آشکارسازی تغییر گوینده

3-1-مقدمه...........................................................................................................................................................................................................37

3-2-بخش بندی گوینده..................................................................................................................................................................................38

     3-2-1-بخش بندی بر اساس فاصله.......................................................................................................................................................38

     3-2-2-بخش بندی  بر اساس مدل........................................................................................................................................................40

     3-2-3-بخش بندی هیبرید......................................................................................................................................................................40

3-3-مقایسه روش­های بخش بندی................................................................................................................................................................40

3-4-روش­های متداول آشکارسازی گوینده..................................................................................................................................................41

     3-4-1- معیار اطلاعات بیزین( (BIC................................................................................................41

          3-4-1-2- بخش بندی با استفاده از مدل آماری گوینده..........................................................................................................42

     3-4-2- ترکیب آماره T2 و BIC.......................................................................................................45

          3-4-2-1- سرعت و بهره بیشتر در بخش بندی T2-BIC........................................................................................................47

     3-4-3- فاصله نرخ درستنمایی عمومی((GLR...................................................................................................................................49

     3-4-4-فاصله KL2.....................................................................................................................49

     3-4-5- آشکارسازی تغییر گوینده با استفاده از DSD.............................................................................51

     3-4-6- BIC متقاطع(Cross-BIC (XBIC))……............................................................................................................................52

     3-4-7-درستنمایی مدل مخلوط گوسی..(GMM-L) ......................................................................................................................53

3-5-خلاصه.........................................................................................................................................................................................................53

خ

فصل چهارم: روش­های دسته­بندی

4-1-مقدمه...........................................................................................................................................................................................................55

4-2-اجزا سیستم خوشه بندی........................................................................................................................................................................56

4-3-روش های خوشه بندی............................................................................................................................................................................57

     4-3-1-روش های خوشه بندی سلسله مراتبی....................................................................................................................................58

          4-3-1-1-تکنیک­های خوشه­بندی بالارونده.................................................................................................................................59

          4-3-1-2-تکنیک­های خوشه­بندی پایین رونده...........................................................................................................................60

     4-3-2-روش های خوشه بندی افرازی..................................................................................................................................................61

4-4- روش های خوشه بندی متداول در سیستم های خوشه بندی گوینده........................................................................................61

4-5- دسته­بندی کننده ماشین­ های بردار پشتیبان...................................................................................................................................63

     4-5-1- دسته­بندی کننده­ ماشین بردار پشتیبان خطی....................................................................................................................63

          4-5-1-1- دسته­بندی کلاس­های جداپذیر...................................................................................................................................63

          4-5-1-2- دسته­بندی کلاس­های جدا ناپذیر...............................................................................................................................68

          4-5-1-3- دسته­بندی داده­های چند کلاسه با ماشین­های بردار پشتیبان............................................................................71

     4-5-2- ماشین­های بردار پشتیبان غیر خطی......................................................................................................................................72

4-6- خلاصه........................................................................................................................................................................................................74

فصل پنجم: پیاده سازی و مشاهدات سیستم ترکیبی پیشنهادی

5-1-مقدمه...........................................................................................................................................................................................................76

5-2-ساختار سیستم پیاده سازی شده..........................................................................................................................................................77

5-3-پایگاه داده...................................................................................................................................................................................................80

5-4-استخراج ویژگی.........................................................................................................................................................................................82

5-5-معیار ارزیابی سیستم های تشخیص گوینده.......................................................................................................................................84

5-6-نتایج آزمایشات..........................................................................................................................................................................................88

5-6-1- اثر اعمال VAD بر روی سیگنال گفتار.........................................................................................................................................88

5-6-2- اثر تغییر طول پنجره VAD بر روی دقت سیستم......................................................................................................................89

5-6-3- اثر تغییر طول پنجره BIC بر روی نتایج بخش بندی................................................................................................................89

د

5-6-4-دقت.حاصل.از.بخش.بندی.بر.دو.نوع.از.دادگان با استفاده از MFCC.....................................................................................................93

5-6-5-اثرتغییر.بردار.ویژگی.بر.روی.دقت.مرحله.بخش بندی................................................................................................................93

5-6-6-مقایسه.نتایج.مرحله.بخش­بندی.با.بکارگیری.بردارهای.ویژگی متفاوت..................................................................................95

5-6-7-اثرجنسیت،گویندگان.برتشخیص.درست.مرزهای.بخش بندی.................................................................................................96

5-6-8-دقت مرحله خوشه­بندی بکارگیری ماشین بردار پشتیبان(SVM) با بردار ویژگی MFCC………..…………96

5-6-9-دقت مرحله خوشه بندی ماشین بردار پشتیبان با بکارگیری بردار ویژگی root-MFCC ............................................................97

5-6-10- اثر تغییر نوع تابع کرنل ماشین بردار پشتیبان بر روی دقت مرحله خوشه­بندی...............................................................98

5-7-خلاصه.........................................................................................................................................................................................................98

فصل ششم: جمع بندی و پیشنهادات

6-1-جمع بندی  و خلاصه نتایج.................................................................................................................................................................100

6-2-پیشنهادات...............................................................................................................................................................................................101

منابع..................................................................................................................................................................................................................

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