فهرست:
فهرست علائم و نشانه‌ها ث
فهرست شکل‌‌ها ح
فهرست نمودارها.........................................................................................................................................................د
فهرست جدول‌‌ها ر
فصل 1- کلیات و مقدمه. 1
1-1- پیشگفتار 1
1-2- بیان موضوع. 2
1-3- ضرورت تحقیق.. 3
1-4- هدف پژوهش.... 4
1-5- قلمرو پژوهش.... 4
1-6- روش انجام پژوهش.... 5
1-7- ساختار پایان نامه. 5
فصل 2- مروری بر تاریخچهی موضوع.. 7
2-1- مقدمه….. 7
2-2- مروری بر تاریخچه و مطالعات انجام شده در زمینهی کاربرد ژئوسل.. 7
2-2-1- سیستمهای ژئوسل و کاربردها 7
2-2-2- مطالعات انجام شده روی ژئوسل.. 8
2-2-3- مطالعات انجام شده در زمینهی اندرکنش غشا و پرکننده 16
2-3- مروری بر تاریخچهی توسعهی روش مخروط.. 19
2-4- خلاصه و جمعبندی.. 25
فصل 3- معرفی مبانی مدل مخروط.. 27
3-1- مقدمه…… 27
3-2- فرضیات در مدل مخروط.. 27
3-3- تعیین سختی دینامیکی پی سطحی.. 29
3-3-1- مدل تک مخروطی.. 30
3-3-2- مدل دو مخروطی.. 30
3-3-3- پی سطحی واقع بر محیط نیمه بینهایت همگن.. 31
3-3-3-1- مدل مخروط انتقالی 32
3-3-4- اصلاحات مدل مخروط.. 36
3-3-4-1- سرعت موج…………… 37
3-3-4-2- جرم محبوس……………… 38
3-3-4-3- ضرایب سختی دینامیکی.. 40
3-3-5- در نظر گرفتن میرایی.. 42
3-3-6- انعکاس و انکسار موج در ناپیوستگی مصالح در یک مخروط.. 43
3-3-6-1- ضریب انعکاس………….. 43
3-3-7- پی سطحی واقع بر لایهی مستقر بر نیمفضای همگن.. 46
3-3-8- پی سطحی واقع بر لایهی مستقر بر بستر صلب... 48
3-3-9- پی سطحی واقع بر نیم فضای چندلایه. 50
3-4- خلاصه……….. 51
فصل 4- تحلیل پی سطحی واقع بر خاک مسلح با استفاده از روش مخروط.. 52
4-1- مقدمه………… 52
4-2- ارائهی روش تحلیل با استفاده از تودهی مخروطی.. 53
4-2-1- دیسک مجازی واقع بر سطح مشترک... 55
4-2-2- تشکیل ماتریس سختی دینامیکی.. 56
4-2-2-1- حرکت انتقالی………….. 57
4-2-3- ارزیابی دقت روش مخروط.. 62
4-3- لایهی مسلحکننده 64
4-3-1- مصالح سازندهی ژئوسل.. 65
4-4- مدلسازی لایهی ژئوسل بهصورت خاک معادل.. 66
4-4-1- در نظر گرفتن میرایی مصالح ژئوسل در مدلسازی.. 68
4-5- طرح مسئله و ارزیابی آن.. 68
4-5-1- حالت خاک غیرمسلح.. 68
4-5-2- حالت خاک مسلح با یک لایه ژئوسل.. 69
4-5-3- مقایسه و ارزیابی.. 70
4-6- خلاصه……. 72
فصل 5- مطالعات پارامتریک.... 74
5-1- مقدمه……. 74
5-2- تعیین عمق بهینهی قرارگیری اولین لایهی ژئوسل.. 75
5-3- بررسی اثر ارتفاع ژئوسل.. 77
5-4- بررسی اثر نسبت ابعادی ژئوسل.. 79
5-5- بررسی اثر میرایی مصالح ژئوسل.. 81
5-6- بررسی اثر سختی مصالح ژئوسل.. 83
5-7- بررسی اثر تراکم خاک پرکننده 85
5-8- تعیین حد فاصل بهینه بین لایههای ژئوسل در خاک... 87
5-9- بررسی اثر افزایش تعداد لایههای ژئوسل.. 90
5-10- خلاصه…….. 92
فصل 6- جمعبندی، نتیجهگیری و پیشنهادات... 93
6-1- جمعبندی 93
6-2- نتیجهگیری.. 94
6-3- پیشنهادات برای کارهای آینده 95
فهرست مراجع.. 96
واژهنامه فارسی به انگلیسی.. 100
واژهنامه انگلیسی به فارسی.. 102
منبع:
[1]
J. Meek and J. Wolf, "Cone models for homogeneous soil, I," Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, vol. 118(5), p. 667–685, 1992.
[2]
J. Wolf, Foundation vibration analysis using simple physical models, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1994.
[3]
P. Pradhan, D. Baidya and D. Ghosh, "Dynamic response of foundations resting on layered soil by cone model," Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, vol. 24, p. 425–434, 2004.
[4]
S. Webster, "Investigation of beach sand trafficability enhancement," GL-79-20, 1979.
[5]
R. Bathurst and R. Crowe, "Recent case histories of flexible geocell retainin gwalls in North America," in Recent case histories of permanent geosynthetic-reinforced soil retaining walls, Rotterdam:Balkema, Tatsuoka F. and Leshchinsky D.(Eds.), 1994, pp. 3-19.
[6]
D. Bush, C. Jenner and R. Bassett, "The design and construction of geocell foundation mattresses supporting embankments over soft ground," Geotextiles and Geomembranes, vol. 9, pp. 83-98, 1990.
[7]
R. Koerner, Designing with geosynthetics, 4th ed., Boston: Prentice Hall, 1997.
[8]
C. Rea and J. Mitchell, "Sand reinforcement using paper grid cells," Proceedings of the Symposium on Earth Reinforcement, Pittsburg: ASCE, pp. 644-663, 1978.
[9]
J. Cowland and S. Wong, "Performance of road embankments on soft clay supported on a geocell mattress foundation," Geotextiles and Geomembranes, vol. 12, pp. 687-705, 1993.
[10]
S. Mhaiskar and J. Mandal, "Soft clay subgrade stabilisation using geocells," Grouting, Soil Improvement and Geosynthetics, Geotechnical Special Publication No.30. Borden R.H., Holtz R.D. and Juran H. (Eds.), NewOrleans, Louisiana: ASCE, vol. 2, pp. 1092-1103, 1992.
[11]
S. Mhaiskar and J. Mandal, "Investigation on soft clay subgrade strengthening using geocells," Construction and Building Materials, vol. 10(4), pp. 281-286, 1996.
[12]
N. Krishnaswamy, K. Rajagopal and G. Madhavi Latha, "Model studies on geocell supported embankments constructed over soft clay foundations," Geotechnical Testing Journal, vol. 23(1), pp. 45-54, 2000.
[13]
S. Dash, N. Krishnaswamy and K. Rajagopal, "Bearing capacity of strip footings supported on geocell-reinforced sand," Geotextiles and Geomembranes, vol. 19, pp. 235-256, 2001.
[14]
S. Dash, S. Sireesh and T. Sitharam, "Model studies on circular footing supported on geocell reinforced sand underlain by soft clay," Geotextile and Geomembranes, vol. 21(4), pp. 197-219, 2003.
[15]
G. Madhavi Latha, K. Rajagopal and K. N.R., "Experimental and theoretical investigations on geocell-supported embankments," International Journal of Geomechanics, ASCE, vol. 6(1), pp. 30-35, 2006.
[16]
G. Madhavi Latha and K. Rajagopal, "Parametric finite element analyses of geocell supported embankments," Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 44, pp. 917-927, 11 September 2007.
[17]
G. Madhavi Latha, S. K. Dash and K. Rajagopal, "Equivalent continuum simulations of geocell reinforced sand beds supporting strip footings," Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, vol. 26, pp. 387-398, 2008.
[18]
X. YANG, J. HAN, R. L. Parsons and D. Leshchisky, "Three-dimensional numerical modeling of single geocell reinforced sand," Frontiers of Architecture and Civil Engineering, vol. 4(2), pp. 233-240, 2010.
[19]
S. Moghaddas Tafreshi and A. Dawson, "Comparison of bearing capacity of a strip footing on sand with geocell and with planar forms of geotextile reinforcement," Geotextiles and Geomembranes, vol. 28, pp. 72-84, 2010.
[20]
S. Moghaddas Tafreshi and A. Dawson, "A comparison of static and cyclic loading responses of foundations on geocell-reinforced sand," Geotextiles and Geomembranes, vol. 32, pp. 55-68, 2012.
[21]
J. Vinod, B. Indraratna and A. Moghaddam, "Behavior of geocell reinforced foundation under cyclic loading," in Proceedings of Indian Geotechnical Conference, Kochi, 2011.
[22]
I. Mehdipour, M. Ghazavi and R. Ziaie Moayed, "Numerical study on stability analysis of geocell reinforced slopes by considering the bending effect," Geotextiles and Geomembranes, vol. 37, pp. 23-34, 2013.
[23]
D. Henkel and G. Gilbert, "The effect of the rubber membrane on the measured triaxial compression strength of clay samples," Geotechnique, vol. 3(1), pp. 20-29, 1952.
[24]
J. Duncan and H. Seed, "Corrections for strength data," Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, vol. 93 (SM5), pp. 121-137, 1967.
[25]
P. La Rochelle, S. Leroueil, B. Trak, L. Blais-Leroux and F. Tavenas, "Observational approach to membrane and area corrections in triaxial tests," Advanced triaxial testing of soil and rock, ASTM STP 977. Donaghe R.T., Chaney R.C. and Silver M.L. (Eds.), pp. pp. 715-731, 1988.
[26]
R. Bathurst and R. Karpurapu, "Large-scale triaxial compression testing of geocell-reinforced granular soils," Geotechnical Testing Journal, vol. 16(3), pp. 296-303, 1993.
[27]
K. Rajagopal, N. Krishnaswamy and G. Madhavi Latha, "Behaviour of sand confined with single and multiple geocells," Geotextiles and Geomembranes, vol. 17, pp. 123-124, 1999.
[28]
J. Wolf and A. Deeks, Foundation vibration analysis: a strength-of-materials, Oxford: Elsevier’s Science &Technology Rights, 2004.
[29]
G. Ehlers, "The effect of soil flexibility on vibration systems," Beton und Eisen, vol. 41(21), pp. 197-203, 1942.
[30]
J. Meek and A. Veletsos, "Simple models for foudations in lateral and rocking motion," in Proceedings of the 5th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, IAEE, Rome, 1974.
[31]
A. Veletsos and V. Nair, "Risponse of tortionally excited foundations," Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, vol. 100(3), pp. 476-482, 1974.
[32]
A. Veletsos and V. Nair, "Torsional vibration of viscoelastic foundations," Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, vol. 100(3), pp. 225-245, 1974.
[33]
J. Meek and J. Wolf, "Cone models for nearly incompressible soil," Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, vol. 22, pp. 649-663, 1993.
[34]
J. Meek and J. Wolf, "Why cone models can represent the elastic half-space," Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, vol. 22, pp. 759-771, 1993.
[35]
J. Meek and J. Wolf, "Cone models for soil layer on rigid rock II," Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, ASCE, vol. 118(5), p. 686–703, 1992.
[36]
J. Wolf and J. Meek, "Cone models for a soil layer on a flexible rock half-space," Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamic, vol. 22, pp. 185-193, 1993.
[37]
J. Wolf and J. Meek, "Rotational cone models for a soil layer on a flexible rock half-space," Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamic, vol. 23, pp. 909-925, 1994.
[38]
J. Meek and J. Wolf, "Cone models for an embedded foundation," Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, vol. 120(1), pp. 60-80, 1994.
[39]
J. Wolf, J. Meek and C. Song, "Cone models for a pile foundation," Piles Under Dynamic Loads, Geotechnical Special Publication NO.34 ASCE, pp. 94-113, 1992.
[40]
J. Meek, "Continuum models for built-in piles in layered soil," Bautechnik, vol. 72(2), pp. 116-123 (in German), 1995.
[41]
M. Preisig and J. Wolf, "Dynamic stiffness of foundation embedded in layered halfspace based on wave propagation in cones," in Proceedings of the 12th Earthquake Engineering Conference, Paper Reference 492, Paris, 2002.
[42]
J. Wolf and A. Deeks, "Cones to model foundation vibrations: incompressible soil and axi-symmetric embedment of arbitrary shape," Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, vol. 24, p. 963–978, 2004.
[43]
C. Wenhua, "Cone models for two surface foundations on layered soil," Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, vol. 5(2), pp. 183-187, 2006.
[44]
S. Mohasseb and B. Abdollahi, "Soil-Structure Interaction Analyses Using Cone Models," Journal of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering, vol. 10(4), pp. 167-174, 2009.
[45]
M. Mahsuli and M. Ghannad, "The effect of foundation embedment on inelastic response of structures," Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics, vol. 38, p. 423–437, 2009.
[46] ح. یزدانی, تعیین تابع امپدانس گروه شمع در جهت افقی و قائم با استفاده از روش مخروط, پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد (تحت راهنمایی آقای دکتر قضاوی): دانشگاه تحصیلات تکمیلی صنعتی کرمان, 1391.
[47]
L. Khanmohammadi, J. Vaseghi Amiri, M. Davoodi and M. Ghannad, "Mathematical analysis of soil-structure interaction including kinematic and inertial interaction effects," Journal of Mathematics and Computer Science, vol. 12, pp. 320-336, 2014.
[48]
J. Wolf and J. Meek, "Dynamic stiffness of foundation on layered soil half-space using cone frustums," Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamic, vol. 23, pp. 1079-1095, 1994.
[49] م. رحمانی, اثر اندرکنش خاک و سازه بر روی خصوصیات دینامیکی سازه های دارای پی مدفون, پایاننامهی کارشناسی ارشد ( تحت راهنمایی آقای دکتر قناد): دانشگاه صنعتی شریف, 1387.
[50]
R. Dobry and G. Gazetas, "Simple method for dynamic stiffness and damping of floating pile groups," Geotechnique, p. 557–574, 1988.
[51]
J. Wolf, "Cone models as a strength-of-materials approach to foundation vibration," in 10th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vienna, Austria, 1994.
[52]
A. Veletsos and B. Verbic, "Basic response functions for elastic foundations," Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division, ASCE, vol. 100, p. 189–202, 1974.
[53]
G. Latha, "Investigations on the behaviour of geocell supported embankments," in Ph.D. thesis, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India, 2000.
[54]
J. Duncan and C. Chang, "Non-linear analysis of stress and strain in soils," Journal of Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division,ASCE, vol. 96(5), pp. 1629-1653, 1970.
[55]
D. Gohi, C. Solank and A. Desai, "Performance of shallow foundation for building constructed on geogrid improved ground subjected to earthquake forces," International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering, vol. 3, pp. 530-535, 2013.
[56]
M. M. Al-Hussaini and L. Johnson, "Numerical analysis of a reinforced earth wall," Proceedings of the ASCE Symposium on Reinforced Earth, pp. 98-126, 1978.