فهرست:
چکیده 1
فصل اول. 2
طرح مساله. 2
مقدمه. 3
1-1- عنوان تحقیق.. 3
1-2- بیان مسأله. 3
1-3- اهمیت و ضرورت انجام تحقیق.. 6
1-4- اهداف تحقیق.. 7
1-5- قلمروتحقیق.. 8
1-5-1- قلمرو مکانی: 8
1-5-2- قلمرو زمانی.. 8
1-6-تعریف واژهها ، مفاهیم ومتغیرها 8
1-6-1-تعریف نظری.. 8
1-7- نوع متغیرها 10
1-7-1-متغیر ملاک.. 10
1-7-2-متغیر پیش بین.. 10
خلاصه. 10
فصل دوم. 11
مروری برادبیات موضوع. 11
مقدمه. 12
2-1- بخش اول:استعداد خستگی شغلی.. 12
2-1-1- ریشه لغوی خستگی.. 12
2-1-2- مفاهیم و تصورات خستگی.. 14
2-1-2-1- دیدگاه روانکاوانه. 14
2-1-2 -2- دیدگاه فیزیولوژیک... 15
2-1-2-3- دیدگاه رشدی.. 17
2-1-2-4 دیدگاه صنعتی انسانی.. 18
2-1-3 خستگی شغلی.. 21
2-1-4 مفهوم استعداد خستگی شغلی.. 23
2-2-بخش دوم: اشتیاق شغلی.. 24
2-2-1- نظریه های اشتیاق شغلی.. 25
2-2-1-1- نظریه کان. 25
2-2-1-2-ابعاد اشتیاق شغلی از دیدگاه کان. 27
2-2-1-3- بعد فیزیکی: 27
2-2-1-4- بعد شناختی: 28
2-2-1-5- بعد هیجانی: 30
2-2-1-6 پیشایندهای اشتیاق شغلی کان: 30
2-2-3- مفهوم اشتیاق شغلی.. 43
2-3- بخش سوم :میل به ماندن. 44
2-3-1- مدل فلاورز. 45
2-4-بخش چهارم. 49
2-4-1 بررسی تحقیقات انجام شده در ارتباط با استعداد خستگی شغلی در داخل کشور. 50
2-4-2- بررسی تحقیقات انجام شده در ارتباط با اشتیاق شغلی در داخل کشور. 50
2-4-3- بررسی تحقیقات انجام شده در ارتباط با میل به ماندن در داخل کشور. 51
2-4-6- بررسی تحقیقات انجام شده در ارتباط با میل به ماندن در خارج از کشور. 54
2-5- چارچوب نظری تحقیق.. 54
2-6- مدل مفهومی تحقیق.. 56
2-7- فرضیههای تحقیق.. 59
خلاصه. 60
فصل سوم. 61
روش تحقیق.. 61
مقدمه: 62
3-1-روش تحقیق: 62
3-2- فرآیند تحقیق: 63
3-3-روش جمع آوری اطلاعات... 63
3-4- جامعه آماری.. 64
3-5- نمونه آماری.. 65
3-6- روایی وپایایی ابزار گرد آوری داده ها 65
3-7-تجزیه وتحلیل اطلاعات... 67
خلاصه. 67
فصل چهارم. 68
تجزیه و تحلیل دادهها 68
مقدمه. 69
4-1- توصیف شاخصهای دموگرافیک (بررسی ویژگیهای عمومی) 69
4-2- وضعیت متغیرهای تحقیق.. 73
4-4-فرضیه های تحقیق.. 96
4-5- آیا مؤلفه های استعداد خستگی شغلی(محرکهای بیرونی، محرکهای درونی، واکنش عاطفی و بیقراری)می توانند اشتیاق شغلی در دستگاههای اجرایی شهر رفسنجان را پیش بینی کنند. 120
4-6- آیا مؤلفه های اشتیاق شغلی(انرژی حرفه ای، فداکاری حرفه ای و شیفتگی حرفه ای)می توانندمیل به ماندن در دستگاههای اجرایی شهر رفسنجان را پیش بینی کنند. 122
خلاصه. 124
فصل پنجم. 125
نتیجه گیری ،بحث وپیشنهادها 125
مقدمه. 126
5-1- نتایج حاصل از تحلیلهای آمار توصیفی.. 126
5-1-1-توصیف ویژگیهای فردی آزمودنیها(بررسی شاخصهای دموگرافیک... 126
5-2- توصیف متغیرهای تحقیق.. 127
5-2-1- توصیف متغیر استعداد خستگی شغلی.. 127
5-2-1-1-توصیف مولفه محرکهای بیرونی.. 127
5-2-1-2-توصیف مولفه محرکهای درونی.. 127
5-2-1-3-توصیف مولفه واکنش عاطفی.. 128
5-2-1-4- توصیف مولفه ادراک زمان. 128
5-2-1-5- وضعیت مولفه بیقراری.. 128
5-2-2- توصیف متغیر اشتیاق شغلی.. 128
5-2-2-1- توصیف مولفه انرژی حرفه ای.. 129
5-2-2-2- توصیف مولفه فداکاری حرفه ای.. 129
5-2-2-3- توصیف مولفه شیفتگی حرفه ای.. 129
5-2-3- توصیف متغیر میل به ماندن. 129
5-3- آمار استنباطی.. 129
5-4- بحث و نتیجهگیری.. 134
5-5- محدودیتهای تحقیق.. 136
5-6پیشنهادات... 136
5-6-1- پیشنهادات بر مبنای فرضیه اول و زیر مجموعه های آن. 137
5-6-2- پیشنهادات بر مبنای فرضیه دوم و زیر مجموعه های آن. 137
5-6-3- پیشنهادات بر مبنای فرضیه سوم و زیر مجموعه های آن. 137
5-7- پیشنهادات به تحقیقات آتی.. 137
خلاصه. 138
منابع.......................................................................................................................................................143
پیوست ها...............................................................................................................................................161
منبع:
منابع فارسی
آذرنوش ،فو نیسی،ع و مرادی کوچی،س و دریکوند،ط(1391)،رابطه مالکیت روانشناختی با تعهد عاطفی ومیل به ماندن در شغل در کارکنان شرکت ملی مناطق نفت خیز جنوب- اهواز،دانش وپژوهش در روانشناسی کاربردی،سال سیزدهم،شماره 1،ص47.
بست، ج، (1376) "روش های تحقیق در علوم تربیتی و رفتاری" ترجمه حسن پاشا شریفی و نرگش طالقانی، چاپ هفتم، تهران: رشد.
تقوی،م و اسدی ،پ،(1389) ،بررسی رابطه استعداد خستگی شغلی با خشنودی شغلی ودلبستگی شغلی کارکنان یک سازمان صنعتی،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)،دومین کنگره دوسالانه روانشناسی صنعتی وسازمانی ایران.
حسینیان، ش(1386).،عوامل درون سازمانی موثر بر ارتقای تعهد سازمانی کارکنان کلانتری های انتظامی، فصلنامه دانش ،سال نهم، شماره دوم.
خاکی، غلامرضا (1379) "روش تحقیق در مدیریت" تهران: مرکز علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی. چاپ اول.
دلاور، علی (1384) "روش تحقیق در روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی" تهران: ویرایش. چاپ هجدهم.
رشید پور، م (1380)،بررسی رابطه تعهد سازمانی با تمایل به ماندن در شغل و عملکرد شغلی کارکنان حرفه ای در سازمان، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت دولتی، مرکز آموزش مدیریت دولتی.
سرمد،ز، بازرگان،عباسی وحجازی، الف،(1376) "روش های تحقیق در علوم رفتاری" تهران" آگاه، چاپ اول.
عریض سامانی، ح (1386)،رابطه تعهد سازمانی ومولفه های آن با متغیرهای سازمانی مسیرپیشایند وپسایند، فصلنامه روان شناسی مبتنی بر تحلیل ، سال یازدهم ، شماره3.
عریضی ،ح و نوری ،الف (1389)، ارتباط مولفه های اشتیاق شغلی با ابعاد تعهد سازمانی، فصلنامه تازه های روانشناسی صنعتی وسازمانی،سال اول ،شماره پنجم،زمستان 1389 ،صفحه 9-15.
علی پور ،عباس (1387) ،اثر بخشی شرکت در کارگاههای خود کارآمدی حرفه ای بر اشتیاق شغلی کارمندان دانشگاه اصفهان ،پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد مشاوره شغلی ،دانشکده علوم تربیتی وروانشناسی دانشگاه اصفهان.
فلاورز وهاگز(1371)، چرا کارکنان سازمان را ترک نمی کنند؟،ترجمه قاضی زاده ،م،مجله دانش مدیریت ،شماره 16،ص 72-73.
کشتکاران، ز (1386)،بررسی دلالت های اخلاقی در بهبود کیفیت مدیریت آموزش در مدارس متوسطه دولتی و غیر انتفاعی شهر قم، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد، رشته مدیریت آموزشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم وتحقیقات.
گیمینیان، و (1383)،بررسی رابطه بین آزادی عمل و تعهد شغلی دبیران مدارس شهر اصفهان، فصلنامه تعلیم و تربیت، سال بیستم، شماره 1، شماره مسلسل 14.
مافی، پ (1382) ،رابطه تعهد سازمانی با تمایل به ماندن در شغل کارکنان حرفه ای در سازمان سرمایه گذاری و کمکهای فنی و اقتصادی ایران، پایان نامه کارشناسی ارشد ، موسسه عالی آموزشی و پژوهش مدیریت برنامه ریزی، رشته مدیریت دولتی.
مهداد ،ع(1389)،روانشناسی صنعتی / سازمانی،انتشارات جنگل،تهران،چاپ ششم.
نعامی،ع (1389)،رابطه استعداد خستگی شغلی با عاطفه مربوط به شغل ،نارسایی شناختی وقیود سازمانی،مجله علوم رفتاری،دوره 5،شماره 1،ص75-82.
نعامی،ع و تقی پور، الف و نیسی، ع(1389)،رابطه فرهنگ سازمانی با انگیزش شغلی،اشتیاق شغلی با رفتارهای نو آورانه با میانجیگری توانمند سازی روانشناختی،مجله علوم رفتاری،دوره 5،شماره 4، ص333-325.
نعامی، ع و پیریایی ، (1390)،رابطه ابعاد انگیزش شغلی خود تعیین کنندگی با اشتیاق شغلی در کارکنان شرکت ذوب آهن اصفهان ،فصلنامه مشاوره شغلی وسازمانی ،دوره سوم ،شماره 9،زمستان 1390 ،ص 23-41.
نادری، ع ، سیف نراقی، م و شاهپوریان، ف ، (1381) "راهنمای علمی فراهم سازی طرح تحقیق" تهران: دفتر تحقیقات و انتشارات بدر.
هاشمی شیخ شبانی ، الف،اصلانپور جوکندان ،م و نعامی ، ع(1390)، نقش میانجی اشتیاق شغلی در رابطه جو روانشناختی وخود ارزشیابی های محوری با عملکرد وظیفه ای وقصد ترک شغل ، فصلنامه مشاوره شغلی وسازمانی ،دوره چهارم ،شماره 11، تابستان 1391 ،صفحه 13-32.
منابع لاتین
Aktouf, O. (1992),Management and theories of organizations in the 1990s: Toward a critical radical humanism. Academy of Management Review,pp. 17, 407-431.
Altarawmneh, I. & al-Kilani, M. H. (2010).Human resource management and turnover intentions in the Jordanian hotel sector. Research and Practice in Human Resource Management, pp.18(1), 46-59.
Bakker, A. B AND berouti, E (2007), The job demands-resources model: state of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology,pp. 22, 309-28.
Bakker, A. B AND Demerouti, E (2008), Towards a model of work Engagement, Career Development Internatiol,pp. 13 (3), 209-223.
Bakker, A. B AND Leiter, M. P (Eds.) (2010), Work engagement, A handbook of essential theory and research. New York: Psychology Press.
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., &Euwema, M. C. (2005),Job resources buffer the impact of job demands on burnout. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology,pp. 10, 170–180.
Balfour, D.L AND Wechsler, B (1996), Organizational commitment: Antecedents and outcomes in public organization. Public Productivity Management Review,pp. 19(3), 256-277.
Barmack, J. E., (1937), Boredom and other factors in the physiology of mental efforts: An exploratory study. Archives of Psychology, 218, 6-81. International journal of selection and assessment,pp.9,9-30.
Barabalet, J. M., (1999), Boredom and social meaning. British Journal of sociology,pp. 50,631-616.
Bargdill, R. W., (2000a), A phenomenological investigation of being bored with life. Psychological Reports,pp. 86, 493 – 494.
Bargdill, R. W., (2000b), The study of life boredom. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology,pp.31, 188-219.
Berlyne, D. E., (1960), Conflict, arousal, and curiosity. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Berlyne, D. E., (1967), Arousal and reinforcement. In D. Levine(Ed.), Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, (Vol.15). Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.
Burnett, I., (1925), An experimental investigation into repetitive work. IFRB Report No. 30. London: HMSO.
Bailey, J. P ., Thackray, R. I., Pearl., & Parish, T. S., (1976), Boredom and arousal: Comparison of tasks differing in visual complexity. Perceptual and Motor Skills,pp.43,141-142.
Best,R.G., stapleton, L.M.,&downey ,R.G.(2005).core self evaluation and job burnout:The test of alternative models.journal of occupational health psycology. Pp.10,441-451.
Brown, S. P., & Leigh, T. W. (1996).A new look at psychological climate and its relationship to job involvement, effort, and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology,pp.81, 358-368.
Bandura, A.(2001).Social cognitive theory : an agnatic perspective .annuel review of psychology, 52,1-26.
Barrick ,M. R., Mount,M. K.,& Judge, T.A.(2001). Personality and performance at the beginning of the new millennium .what do we know and where do we go next International journal of selection and assessment,9,9-30
Burke, J. R., AND El-Kot, G (2010) , Work engagement Among Managers and Professionals in Egypt. African Journal of Economics and Management Studies, 1, 42-60.
Campbell, D.T. (1963). Social attitudes and other acquired behavioural dispositions. In S.Koch (Ed) Psychology: A study of a science (pp.94-172). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Cascio,W.F.(1991) ,Costing Human Resources: The financial Impact of Behaviour in Organisations. ” 3rd ed. Boston, Mass.: Kent.
Chang, C. P. & Chang, W. C. (2008).Internal marketing practices and employees’ turnover intentions in tourism and leisure hotels. The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning,pp. 4(2), 161-172.
Chew, J. & Chan, C. C. A. (2008). Human resource practices, organizational commitment and intention to stay. International Journal of Manpower,pp. 29(6), 503-522.
Cheyne, J. A AND Carriere, J. S. A AND Smilek, D (2006), Absent mindedness: Lapses in conscious awareness and everyday cognitive failures, Consciousness and Cognition,pp. 15 (3): 578–592 . doi:10.1016/j.concog.2005.11.009. PMID 16427318.
Cooper-Hakim, A AND Viswesvaran, C (2005) The construct of work commitment: testing an integrative framework, Psychological Bulletin,pp. 131, 241-259.
Csikszentmihalyi, M (1990), Flow: The psychology of optimal experience, New York: Harper and Row.
Czikszentmihalyi, M., (1975), Beyond boredom and anxiety. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Currivan. D, B. (2000). The causal order of job satisfaction and organizational commitment in models of employee turnover. Human Resource Management Review,pp. 9, 495-524.
Chinoy, E., (1955), Automobile workers and the American dream. Garden City,NY : Doubleday.
Damrad-Frye ,R AND Laird, JD(1989), The experience of boredom: The role of the self perception of attention.PersSoc Psychol,pp75:315-50.
Davies, A. H., (1926), The physical and mental effects of monotony in modern industry. British Medical Journal,pp.2, 472-479.
Deci, E. L AND Ryan, R. M. (1985),Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum.
Deery, M.A AND Iverson, R.D ( 1996), Enhancing productivity: intervention strategies for employee turnover. In: Johns, N.(Ed.), ProductivityManagement in Hospitality and Tourism. Cassell, London.
Demerouti E, Bakker AB, Nachreiner F, Schaufeli WB (2001) The job demands-resources model of burnout. J ApplPsychol, pp.80:499–512. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.499
DORY,A(1982), Individual differences in boredom proneness and task effectiveness at work, Personnel Psychol,pp. 35:141-51.
Dupre, K. E AND Day, A (2007), The effects of supportive management and job quality on the turnover intentions and health of military personnel.Human Resource Management,pp.46(2),185-201.
deChenne, T., & Moody, A., (1987), Boredom: Theory and therapy. Psychotherapy Patient,pp.3, 17-29.
deChenne, T., (1988), Boredom as a clinical issue. Psychotherapy,pp.25, 71-81.
Evans, E., Laseau, L. V. N., (1950), My job contest. Personnel Psychology Monograph, pp.1, (141 and appendices).
Esman, A. H., (1979), Some reflections on boredom. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association,pp.27(2), 423-439.
Eagly,A.H., and Chaiken ,S.(1993).The psychology of attitudes . fort worth, Tx: Harcourt brace Jovanovich college publishers.
Farmer, R AND Sundberg ,ND(1986) Boredom proneness, The development and correlates of a new scale. J persAss;pp. 50:4-17.
Ferris, D. L AND Rosen, C. C AND Johnson, R. E AND Brown, D. J., Risavy, S AND Heller, D (2011), Approach or avoidance(or both?): Integrating core self-evaluations within an approach/avoidance framework. Personnel Psychology,pp. 64, 137-161.
Fenichel, O., (1934), On the psychology of boredom. New York: W .W . Norton Company.
Fenichel, H., (1951), Review of the literature on boredom. Psychoanalytic Quarterly,pp.20,354-346.
Fisher, C (1993), Boredom at work, A neglected concept. Human Relation.;pp.46:395-417.
Fiske, D. W., &Maddi, S. R., (1961), Functions of varied experience. Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press.
Fossati ,P AND Guillaunme, LB AND Ergis ,AM AND Allilaire ,JF(2003 ),Qualitative analysis of verbal fluency in depression. Psychiat Res.; pp.117:17-24.
Gabriel, M. A., (1988), Boredom: Exploration of a developmental perspective. Clinical Social Work Journal, 16, 156-164.
George,m(1999),organizational behavior understanding and managing(u.s.a,newyork,Addisonwesler, ,p74).
Goffman, E( 1961).: Asylums: Essays on the Social Situation of Mental Patients and Other Inmates. Doubleday Anchor, New York,.
González-Roma, V AND Schaufeli, W. B AND Bakker, A. B AND Lloret, (2006), Burnout and work engagement: independent factors or oppositepoles?, Journal of Vocational Behavior, pp.68, 165–174.
Govaerts, N., Kyndt, E., Dochy, F., &Baert, H. (2011).Influence of learning and working climate on the retention of talented employees. Journal of Workplace Learning, pp.23(1), 35-55.
Garson, B., (1975), All the livelong day: The meaning and demeaning of routine work, New York: Penguin Books.
Guest, D., Williams, R., &Dewe, P., (1978), Job design and the psychology of boredom. Paper presented at the 19 International Congress of Applied Psychology, Munich, West Germany.
Geiwitz, P., (1966), Structure of boredom. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,pp.3, 592-600.
Giambra ,LM AND Traynor ,TD(1998), Assembly line boredom and individual differences in recreation participation. J Leisure Res,pp. 1:256- 69 .
Guest, D., Williams, R., &Dewe, P., (1978), Job design and the psychology of boredom. Paper presented at the 19 International Congress of Applied Psychology, Munich, West Germany.
Hackman, J.R., Oldham, G.R. (1980). Work redesign. Reading,MA: Addison-Wesley.
Hallberg, U AND Schaufeli, W. B (2006) Samesame but different: Can work engagement be discriminated from job involvement and organizational commitment? European Journal of Psychology, 11, 119-127.
Harris, K. J AND Harvey, P AND Kacmar, K. M (2009), Do social stressorsimpact everyone equally? An examination of the moderating impact of core selfevaluations. Journal of Business and Psychology,pp. 24: 153-164.
Hamilton , JA (1981),Attention, personality, and the self- regulation of mood, Absorbing interest and boredomProgress in ExpPers Res.;pp. 10:281-315.
Hamilton, J. A., Haier, R. J., &Buchsbaum, M. S., (1984), Intrinsic enjoyment and boredom coping scales: Validation with personality, evoked potential and attention measures. Personality and Individual Differences,pp 5, 183-193.
Healy, S. D., (1984), Boredom, Self, and Culture. Cranbury, NJ:Fairleigh Dickinson University Press.
Hayes, L.J AND O’Brien-Pallas, L AND Duffied, C AND Shamian, J., Buchan, J AND Hughes, F AND Laschinger, H. K AND North, N AND Stone, P.W. (2006). Nurse turnover: a literature review. International Journal of Nursing Studies,pp. 43, 237-263.
Hill,AB AND Perkins, RE(1985),Towards a model of boredom. Bri J Psychol, pp.16:235-40 .
Hill, A., (1975a), Extroversion and variety seeking in a monotonous task. British Journal of Psychology,pp.66, 9-16.
Hamilton, J. A., Haier, R. J., &Buchsbaum, M. S., (1984), Intrinsic enjoyment and boredom coping scales: Validation with personality, evoked potential and attention measures. Personality and Individual Differences,pp. 5, 183-193.
Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J., &Rapson, R. L. (1994).Emotional contagion. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Harris,J.J., & Segal, D. R..,(1985), Observations from the Sinai: The boredom factor.
Hobfoll, S AND Shirom, A (2001), Stress and burnout in the workplace.In R. Golembiewski (Ed.), Handbook of organizational behavior (pp. 41–60). New York: Dekker
Hom,P.W AND Griffeth,R (1995), Employee Turnover.Cincinnati, Ohio.: South Western College Publishing.
Hurtz, G. M., & Donovan, J. J. (2000).Personality and job performance: The Big Five revisited. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85, 869-879. doi: 10.1037//0021-9010.85.6.869.
Handlon, R.S (2009), The departure of the insurance agent: The impact organizational commitment, organizational justic, and job satisfaction have on
Harter, J. K., Schmidt, F. L., & Hayes, T. L. (2002). Business-unit-level relationship between employee satisfaction, employee engagement, and business outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87, 268–279.
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources. A new attempt at conceptualizin stress. American Psychologist, 44, 513– 524 .
ITTA (2000), Building the 21 st Century Information Technologh Workforce: " Underrepresented Groups in the Information Technology Workforce(Task Force Report): Information Technology Association of America.
Judge, T. A, Bono, J. E., Erez, A., & Locke, E. A. (2005) Core self-evaluations and job and life satisfaction: The role of self-concordance and goal attainment. Journal of Applied Psychology,pp.90, 257-268 .
JOHARI , J. and Fee yean , T. (2012), Promoting Employee Intention to Stay: Do Human Resource Management Practices Matter?. Journal of Economics and Management pp. 6(2): 396 – 416
Kahn,w.A…(1990).Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work.Academy of management journal,33,692-724.
Kanfer, R. (1990). Motivation theory and industrial and organizational psychology. In M. D.Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology (Vol. 1, 2nd ed.,pp. 75-130). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.
Kaufman, H., (1966), Hostility, Perceived similarity, and punitivity under arousal condition. Jounal of Personality,pp. 34, 538-545.
Kass,S. J., Vodanovich, S. J., Stanny, C. J., & Taylor, T. M., (2001b), Watching the clock: Boredom and vigilance performance. Perceptual and Motor Skills,pp. 92, 969-976.
Klapp, O. E., (1986), Overload and Boredom: Essays on the Quality of Life in the Information Society. New York: Greenwood Press.
Kelman ,H.c(1985).overcoming the psychological barrier:An analysis of the egyptionIsreal peace process.Negotiationjournal,Ipp.(3),213-234.
Kornhauser, A. W., (1922), Some business applications of a mental alertness test. Journal of Personnel Research, pp.1 , 130-121.
Leary, MR AND Rogers, PA AND Canfield ,RW AND Coe C( 1986) Boredom in interpersonal encounters: Antecedents and social implications. J PersSocPsychol.,pp.51:968- 75.
Lee, TW(1986),Toward the development and validation of a measure of job boredom, Manhattan College J Busi ,pp.15:22-8.
Lee, R. T., &Ashforth, B. E. 1996. "A meta-analytic examination of the correlates of the three dimensions of burnout". Journal of Applied Psychology,pp. 81, 123-133.
Leiter, M.P., Jackson, N.J. and Shaughnessy, K. (2008), “Contrasting burnout, turnover intention,control, value congruence, and knowledge sharing between Boomers and Generation X”, Journal of Nursing Management, Vol. 16, pp. 1-10.
Leong, F . T. &Schneller, G. R., (1993), Boredom proneness: Temperamental and cognitive components. Personality and Individual Differences,pp.14, 233-239.
Locke, E. A., & Bryan, J. F., (1967), Performance goals as determinants of level of performance and boredom. Journal of Applied Psychology, pp.51 , 120-130.
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P., (1990), A theory of goal setting and task performance. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P., (1984), Goal setting: A motivational technique that works. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
London, H., Schubert, D. S. P., & Washburn, D., (1972), Increase of autonomic arousal by boredom. Journal of Abnormal Psychology,pp. 80, 29-36.
May, D.R., Gilson, R.L. and Harter, L.M. (2004), ―The psychological conditions of meaningfulness, safety and availability and the engagement of the human spirit at work‖, Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology,pp.77, 11-37.
Maggini, C., (2000), Psychobiology of boredom. CNS Spectrums,pp. 5(8), 24-27.
Mackworth, N. H., (1948), The breakdown of vigilance during prolonged visual search. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,Ipp., 6-21.
March,J.G.,&Olsen,J.P(1976).Amiguity and choice in organizations. Bergen: Universitesforlaget
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T., Jr. (1991).The NEO Personality Inventory: Using the five-factor model in counseling. Journal of Counseling and Development,pp. 69, 367-372.
Mitchell, T. R., Holtom, B. C. and Lee, T. W. (2001) How to Keep Your Best Employees: Developing an Effective Retention Policy, Academy of Management Executive, pp.15(4), 96–107.
Mikulas, W .L.,&Vodanovich, S. J., (1993), The essence of boredom. The sychological Record, pp.43, 3-12.
Munsterberg, H., (1913), Psychology and industrial efficiency. New York: Houghton-Mifflin.
Mobley, W. H. (1982) Intermediate Linkages in the Relationships between Job Satisfaction and Employee Turnover, Journal of Applied Psychology,pp. 62(2), 237–240
Mount, M.K ,&Barrick, M.R.(1995).The big five personality dimension implication for research and practice in human resourse management research in personal and human resources managementpp,13,153-200.
Mowday, R.T AND Porter, L.W AND Steers, R.M (1982) ,Employee-organizational Linkage: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, andturnover, New York: Academic Press.
Mowday, R.T AND Steers, R.M AND Porter, L.W (1979) ,the measurement of organizational commitment. Journal of Vocational Behavior,pp. 14, 224-247.
Mudor, H. &Tooksoon, P. (2011).Conceptual framework on the relationship between human resource management practices, job satisfaction, and turnover. Journal ofEconomics and Behavioral Studies, pp.2(2), 41-49
Montgomery, H., Burr, R. and Woodhead, M (2003) Changing Childhoods: Global and Local Chichester: John Wiley.
Nedd, N. (2006). Perceptions of empowerment and intent to stay. Nursing Economics, 24(1),pp. 13-18.
O’Reilly, C AND Chatman, J (1986).Organizational commitment and psychological attachment: the effects of compliance, identification, and internalization on prosaically behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology.
OُConnor, D., (1967), The phenomena of boredom. Journal of Existentialism, 7, 381-399.
Park, N., Peterson, C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2005).Character strengths in forty nations and fifty states.Unpublished manuscript, University of Rhode Island.
Pierce,G. ,and sarason,B.(1996) ,Handbook of social support and the family, Plenum Press (New York).
Polly, L.M., Vodanovich, S. J., Watt, J. D., & Blanchard, M. J., (1993), The effects of attributional processes on boredom proneness. Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 8, 123-132.
Reichars, A.P (1985), A review and reconceptualization of organizational commitment Academy of Management Review,pp.10, 465.
Rhoades, L, &Eisenberger, R. (2002).Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87,pp. 698-714.
Rhoades, L., &Eisenberger, R., &Armeli, S. (2001). Affective commitment to the organization: The contribution of perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86,pp. 825-836.
Rich,B.L,(2006).Job engagement:constract validation and relationship job satisfaction , job involvement and intrinsic motivation .A dissert presenented to the graduated.school of the university of florida.
Rothbard,N.P.(2001),Enriching or depleting?the dynamics of engagement in work and family roles.Administrative science quarterly ,pp.46,65-684.
Rothe, H. F., (1946a), Output rates among butter wrappers: II. Frequency distributions and an hypothesis regarding the restriction of output. Journal of Applied Psychology,pp. 30, 320-327.
Rubin, L. B., (1976), Worlds of pain: Life in the working –class family. Basic Books.
Fenichel, O., (1954), On the psychology of boredom. In D. Rapaport(Ed.), The collected papers of Otto Fenichel (Vol, l , pp. 292-302). London: Routledge & Kegan.
.Ryan,R .M.,& Frederick , C,(1997).One Energy, personality , and health : subjective vitality as a dynamic reflection of well-being.journal of personality,65,529-565
Saks, A. M (2006), Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 21, 600-619.
Salanova, M., Schaufeli, W. B., Llorens, S., Peiro´, J. M., &Grau, R (2001). Desde el “burnout” al “engagement”: unanuevaperspectiva? [From “burnout” to “engagement”: A new perspective?]. Revista de Psicologı´a del Trabajo y de lasOrganizaciones, pp.16, 117–134.
Salanova, M.AND Agut, S AND Peiro, J. M. (2005), Linking organizational resources and work engagement to employee performance and customer loyalty: the mediation of service climate.Journal of Applied Psychology,pp. 90, 1217–1227.
Salanova,M,. Agut,S. andPeiró,J.M, (2005),Linking Organizational Resources and Work Engagement to Employee Performance and Customer Loyalty The Mediation of Service Climate. Journal of Applied Psychology November 2005 Vol. 90, No.pp. 6, 1217-1227.
Schaufeli ,WB AND Martinez, IM AND Gonzalez-Roma, V AND Salanova,M AND Bakker AB(2002), The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. J Happiness Stud;pp.3:71-92.
Schaufeli ,WB AND Salanova ,M AND Bakker, AB(2004), The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire.A cross-national study.Educpsychol meas.
Schaufeli, W. B AND Bakker, A. B AND Hoogduin, K AND Schaap, C ANDKladler, A (2001), On the clinical validity of the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the burnout measure. Psychology and Health,pp. 16, 565-583.
Schaufeli, W. B AND Salanova, M (2007), Work engagement: an emerging psychological concept and its implications for organizations, in S.W. and, D.D.
Schaufeli, W. B AND Taris, T. W AND VanRhenen, W. (2008). Workaholismurnout and engagement: Three of a kind or three different kinds of employeewell- being Applied Psychology: An International Review,pp. 57, 173-203.
Schaufeli, W.B., & Bakker, A.B. (2001).Werk en welbevinden: Naareenpositievebenadering in de Arbeids- en Gezondheidspsychologie [Work and well-being: Toward a positive apporach in Occupational Healt.
Schaufeli, W.B., Taris, T., Le Blanc, P., Peeters, M., Bakker, A. & De Jonge, J. (2001).Maaktarbeidgezond? Op zoeknaar de bevlogenwerknemer [Does work make happy. In search of the engaged worker]. De Psycholoog,pp. 36, 422-428.
Schaufeli,w.b and Salanova, M.(2007), enhancing work engagement through the managmant of human resources.the individual in the changing workinglife,pp.380 cambridge:Cambridge university press.
Seligman, M. (2003), Positive Psychology Fundemental Assumption, the Psychology, 16, 126-128.
Shore, L.M., & Shore, T.H. (1995).Perceived organizational support and organizational justice. In R. Cropanzano and K.M. Kacmar (Eds.) Organizational politics, justice, and support: Managing Social Climate at Work. Quorum Press.
Siddle, D., Smith, D., (1974), Effects of monotonous stimulation on cortical alertness in fast.
Smith ,RP(1981), Boredom: A review. Human Factors.;pp.23:329-40.
Sommers, J AND Vodanovich, SJ (2000), Boredom proneness: Its relationship to psychological and physical health symptoms. J Clin Psychol.; pp.56:149-55.
Sonnentag S (2003), ʹRecovery, work engagement, and proactive behavior,anew look at the interface between non‐work and workʹ, Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(3), 518–52.
Stall worth, H.L (2003) Mentoring, organizational commitment and intentions to leave public accounting.Managerial Auditing Journal,pp. 18(5), 405-418.
Stamps, P. L (1997).Nurses and work satisfaction: and Index for Measurement.Xaio, Z & Li, C (2003). Teachers needs in china. Journal of hebei normal university. No. 3,28-31.
Sullivan ,B AND Payne ,TW(2007),Affective disorders and cognitive failures,Am J psychiat.;p. 164:1663-8.
Seibe, H.M., &Vodanovich, S. J., (1998), Cognitive correlates of boredom proneness: The role of private self-consciousness and absorption. Journal of Psychology, pp.132, 642-652.
Spitz, R., (1937), Repetition, rhythm, and boredom. Imago Leipzigpp.pp.23, 171-196.
Sundberg, N. D., Latkin, C. A., Farmer, R., &Saoud, J. (1991).Boredom in young adults: Gender and cultural comparisons. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, pp.22, 209-223.
Spacks, P. M., (1995), Boredom: The literary history of a state of mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Stagner, R., (1975), Boredom on the assembly line: Age and personality variables. Industrial Gerontology, 2, 23-44.
Taylor, C. R. (2002),Focus on Talent, Training and Development, December 2002,pp. 26-31.
Thackray, R. I., Jones, K.N., & Touchstone, R. M., (1974), Personality and physiological correlates of performance decrement on a monotonous task requiring sustained attention. British Journal of Psychology,pp.65, 351-358.
Thackray, R. I, Bailey, J., & Touchstone, R. M., (1977), Physiological, subjective, and performance correlates of reported boredom and monotony while performing a simulated radar task. In R. R. Mackie (Ed.), Vigilance: Theory, operational performance and physiological correlates. New York: Plenum Press.
Taylor, C. R. (2002) Focus on Talent, Training and Development, December 2002, pp.26-31
Tett, R. P AND Meyer, J. P (1993), Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and turnover, path analyses based on meta-analysticpersounnel psychology,pp.46,250-293.
Terkel, S., (1974), Working: People talk about what they do all day and how they feel about what they do. New York: The New Press.
Tiegs, R. B., Tetrick, L. E., & Fried, Y. (1992).Growth need strength and context satisfaction as moderators of the relations of the job characteristics model. Journal of Management,pp. 18, 575–594.
Tolor, A(1989), Boredom as related to alienation assertiveness, internal-external expectancy, and sleep patterns,Jclinpsychol.,pp. 45:260-65.
Thompson,Jr., L. A., (1929), Measuring susceptibility to monotony. Personnel Journal,pp.8, 172-197.
Vandenberg R. J. and Nelson J. B. (1999) Disaggregating the Motives Underlying Turnover Intentions: When Do Intentions Predict Turnover Behaviour? HumanRelations,pp. 52(10), 1313-1336.
Vandenberg R. J. and Nelson J. B. (1999),Disaggregating the Motives Underlying Turnover Intentions: When Do Intentions Predict Turnover Behaviour? HumanRelations, pp.52(10), 1313-1336.
Viteles, M. S., (1932), Industrial Psychology. New York: Norton.
Vodanovich ,SJ AND Kass ,SJ(1990), A factor analytic study of the boredom proneness Scale. J Pers Ass.; pp.55:115-23.
Vodanovich, S. J., & Watt, J. D., (1999), The relationship between time structure and boredom proneness: An investigation between two cultures. Journal of Social Psychology,pp.139, 143-152.
Wallace, JC AND Kass, SJ AND Stanny, CJ(2002), The cognitive failures questionnaire revisited: Dimensions and correlates. J Gen Psychol,pp. 129:238-56.
Watson, d. Wiese, d. ,Vaidya ,j., &Tellegen, a.(1999).The two general activation systems of effect: Structural findings, evolutionary consideration and psycholobiological evidence. Journal of personality and social psychology,pp. 76,820-838.
Wayne ,S. J.,Shore, L.M.,&Liden, R.C.(1997).Perceved organizational support and leader – member exchange: a social exchange perspective .Academy of management journal, pp.40, 82-111.
Winer, R. AND Vardi ,Y (1980),Relationships Between Job Organization and Work Outcomes in Tertative Approach Organizational and Human Performance , Vol .16, pp.81-96.
Wyatt, S., Langdon, J.N., & Stock, F . G. L., (1937), Fatigue and boredom in repetitive work.Report of the Industrial Health Research Board, No. 77. London" HMSO.
Wyatt, S; frost, L., & Stock, F . G. L., (1934), Incentivees in repetitive work. Report of the Industrial Health Research Board, No. 69. London: HMSO
Watt,J. D., & Blanchard, M. J., (1994), Boredom proneness and the need for cognition. Journal of Research in Personality,pp. 28, 44-51.
Waugh, M., (1979), Some psychoanalytic observations on boredom. International Journal of psycho Analysis,pp. 60, 515-527.
Weinberger, J. L., & Muller, J. J., (1974), The American Icarus revisited: Phallic narcissism and boredom. International Journal of Psycho Analysis,pp. 55, 581-586.
Wyatt, S., & Fraser, J. A., (1929), Analysis of report by British Industrial Fatigue Research Board.The Psychology of boredom. Social and Industrial Review,pp. 8, 950-951.
Wyatt, S., (1927), An experimental study of a repetitive process. British Journal of Psychology, pp.3, 192-209.
Wyatt, S., (1929), Boredom in industry. Personnel Journal,pp.8, 161-171.
Wyatt, S., (1939), Workers and machines. Occupational Psychology,pp. 13, 249-257.
Wyatt, S., Fraser, J. A., & Stock, F . G. L., (1929), The effects of monotony in work. Report of the Industrial Health Research Board, No. 56. London: HMSO.
Wyatt, S., & Fraser, J. A., (1929), Analysis of report by British Industrial Fatigue Research Board.The Psychology of boredom. Social and Industrial Review,pp. 8, 950-951.
Wyatt, S., Fraser, J. A., & Stock, F . G. L., (1929), The effects of monotony in work. Report of the Industrial Health Research Board, No. 56. London: HMSO.