پایان نامه ارتقای روش های مختلف پیش بینی فشاربخار مواد مختلف

فهرست:

فصل اول : مقدمه وکلیات تحقیق.. 1

1-1-مقدمه. 2

1-2-تعریف فشار بخار 2

   1-3--عوامل مؤثر برفشار بخار 3

1-3-1-ماهیت مایع. 3

1-3-2-دمای مایع. 3

1-4-بیان مسأله. 3

1-5-توجیه ضرورت انجام تحقیق.. 4

1-6-اهداف تحقیق.. 4

1-7-مراحل انجام تحقیق.. 4

1-8-ساختار تحقیق.. 5

فصل دوم:ادبیات و پیشینه تحقیق.. 7

2-1-مقدمه. 8

2-2-روابط ریاضی تخمین وپیش بینی فشاربخار مواد مختلف.. 9

2-2-1-معادله کلازیوس-کلاپیرون. 9

2-2-2-معادله آنتوان. 10

2-2-2-1-محدودیت های معادله آنتوان. 10

2-2-3-معادله آنتوان توسعه یافته. 10

2-2-4-معادله واگنر. 11

2-2-4-1-محدودیت های معادله واگنر. 12

2-2-5-رابطه حالتهای متناظر ریدل. 12

2-2-6-معادله لی-کسلر. 14

2-2-6-1-محدودیت های رابطه لی-کسلر. 15

2-2-7-معادله فشاربخار آمبروز-پاتل. 15

2-2-7-1-ملاحظات معادله آمبروز-پاتل. 16

2-2-8-روش حالتهای متناظر آمبروز-والتون. 16

2-3-اهمیت روش های نوین پیش بینی و تخمین خواص مواد. 17

2-4-پیشینه روش شبکه های عصبی در تخمین خواص ترمودینامیکی.. 18

2-5-پیش بینی فشاربخار مواد با استفاده از شبکه عصبی مصنوعی.. 19

فصل سوم: روش تحقیق.. 21

3-1-مقدمه. 22

3-2-تاریخچه پیدایش شبکه های عصبی مصنوعی.. 22

3-3-ویژگی های شبکه های عصبی مصنوعی.. 24

3-3-1-قابلیت آموزش.. 24

3-3-2-قابلیت تعمیم. 24

3-3-3-پردازش توزیعی(موازی) 24

3-3-4-تحمل پذیری خطا 25

3-4-ساختار شبکه‌ها‌ی عصبی مصنوعی.. 25

3-4-1-مدل نرون با یک ورودی.. 25

3-4-2- مدل نرون با یک بردار به عنوان ورودی.. 26

3-4-3-ساختار یک لایه از شبکه های عصبی.. 27

3-4-4-شبکه های چندلایه. 27

3-4-5-توابع انتقال. 28

3-4-5-1-تابع انتقال سخت محدود. 29

3-4-5-2-تابع انتقال خطی.. 29

3-4-5-3-تابع انتقال لگاریتمی سیگموئید. 30

3-4-5-4-تابع انتقال شعاع مبنا 30

3-4-5-5-تابع انتقال آستانه ای خطی متقارن. 31

3-4-5-6-تابع انتقال تانژانت-سیگموئید. 31

3-5-روش های آموزش شبکه عصبی.. 32

3-6-قواعد یادگیری شبکه های عصبی.. 32

3-6-1-قواعد یادگیری نظارت شده 32

3-6-2-قواعد یادگیری غیرنظارتی.. 33

3-7- شبکه های عصبی پرسپترون. 33

3-7-1-محدودیت های شبکه پرسپترون. 34

3-8- شبکه های عصبی پیشخور 35

3-9-الگوریتم پس انتشار خطا 36

3-10-آموزش شبکه های پس انتشار 37

3-11-بیش برازش شبکه. 37

3-12-بهبود عمومیت شبکه. 38

3-13-پارامترهای اساسی برای طراحی یک شبکه عصبی.. 39

3-13-1-انتخاب مناسب ترین اطلاعات ورودی به شبکه. 39

3-13-2-نحوه ورود داده ها 39

3-13-3-تقسیم بندی داده ها 39

3-13-4-انتخاب مناسب ترین تعداد نرون های لایه پنهان. 40

3-12-معیارهای ارزیابی کارایی مدل. 40

3-12-نرم افزار استفاده شده در این تحقیق.. 41

فصل 4: محاسبات و یافته های تحقیق.. 42

4-1-مقدمه. 43

4-2-طراحی شبکه عصبی مصنوعی برای هیدروکربن های آروماتیکی.. 43

4-3- طراحی شبکه عصبی مصنوعی برای آلکان ها و آلکن ها 52

4-4- طراحی شبکه عصبی مصنوعی برای الکل ها .6

4-5- طراحی شبکه عصبی مصنوعی برای آلکیل سیکلو هگزان ها 68

فصل پنجم: نتیجه گیری و پیشنهادها 77

5-1-نتیجه گیری.. 78

5-2-پیشنهادات برای تحقیقات آتی.. 79

مراجع. 80

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